Making the Most of Jersey's Coast

Making the Most of Jersey's Coast

Integrated Coastal Zone Management Strategy

LODGED FOR STATES DEBATE ON 15TH JULY 2008

March 2008

Department of Planning and Environment, Environment Division,

Howard Davis Farm,

Trinity , JE3 5JP

States of Jersey 2008

This publication may be reused free of charge in any format or medium provided that it is reused accurately and not used in a misleading context. The material must be acknowledged as States of Jersey and the title of the publication specified.

This document is also available on the States of Jersey website www.gov.je Email : environmentenquiries@gov.je

Published by the Environment Department, Howard Davis Farm, Trinity Printed on paper from sustainable sources

March 2008

Preface

The coast and seas around Jersey are an integral part of Island life. It is therefore essential that the coast is protected and managed so that it can continue to be enjoyed by generations to come.

We know far more about the terrestrial parts of Jersey than we do the sea. Consequently, the system for protecting land is far more advanced. However, our coasts and seas are under increasing pressures such as calls for more reclamation, the likely advent of offshore windfarms, the impacts of climate change and an unprecedented growth in marine and coastal leisure activities. If we are to manage these pressures with any confidence, we need to redress this imbalance and improve our knowledge of the underwater world that surrounds us.

This Integrated Coastal Zone Management Strategy aims to bring together all parties that develop, manage or use the coast to ensure that the coast is sustainably managed in an integrated way.

The Strategy sets out a number of policies to achieve this integration under four distinct headings in Section 4. In short we need to protect our coasts and seas, we need to know more about them, we need to use our marine and coastal environment sensitively and everyone with an interest or responsibility needs to be involved to make it happen.

Section 5 sets outs what can be expected from the implementation of the Strategy in terms of outputs and outcomes and Section 6 concludes with a summary of costs and benefits. A lot can be achieved by working within existing resources, but there are areas where we have obligations under international conventions, which require additional funding to be able to meet these responsibilities.

The benefit for Jersey in the long term will be a well managed, healthy coastal and marine environment that supports a thriving economy and which is a source of pride for the community.

Contents

Preface......................................................................................................................i Contents...................................................................................................................1 List of Figures..........................................................................................................1 List of Tables...........................................................................................................1 Foreword by Minister..............................................................................................2

1. Introduction .........................................................................................................3

1. The importance of Jersey's coastal zone and territorial waters.................3
2. Pressures and threats....................................................................................5

2. Principles underlying the Strategy.....................................................................6

1. EU Principles ofICZM....................................................................................6
2. Precautionary principle .................................................................................6
3. Spatial planning andthe Island Plan Review ...............................................6
4. Ecosystem approach.....................................................................................7

3. International and EU policies andlegislation....................................................8

1. Multi-lateral environmental agreements.......................................................8
2. Relevant EU Legislation andPolicies...........................................................9

4. Strategy Objectives, Key Aims and Desired Outcomes..................................10 Aim A: Protect and Conserve Coastal and Marine Wildlife, Habitats, Geodiversity and Cultural Heritage...................................................................11 Aim B: Increase Understanding of Jersey's Marine and Coastal Environments ............................................................................................................................15 Aim C: Promote and Encourage Sensitive Use of Natural Resources ...........18 Aim D: Work with Stakeholders........................................................................22

5. Delivery mechanisms and measuring progress..............................................27

1. Delivery mechanisms...................................................................................27
2. Outputs and Outcomes................................................................................27
3. Indicators......................................................................................................29
4. Review..........................................................................................................30

6. Manpower and resource implications..............................................................31

6.2 Cost Benefit Analysis of Proposed Policies and Expenditure..................32

List of Figures

Figure 1: Jersey's Ramsar Sites................................................................................4

List of Tables

Table 1: Landings by weight and value of Jersey registered fishing boats (2007) ......5 Table 2: Outputs......................................................................................................27 Table 3: Outcomes..................................................................................................28 Table 4: Marine and coastal sustainability indicators from State of Jersey Report 2005 and EU ICZM Expert Group.....................................................................29

Foreword by Minister

Integrated coastal zone management - or ICZM, sounds very technical but the concept is really quite simple. It's about securing better management and informed decision-making on coastal issues so that our vital coastal and marine resources are managed sustainably.

Jersey's coastal and marine areas are subject to a range of pressures – which can lead to conflict between development, recreation and conservation interests. The implications of climate change are adding to these pressures. ICZM is about managing this situation in an integrated and informed way so that we engage effectively with all States Departments and the community in proposals which affect them and also secure an appropriate balance between all the demands on our coastal and marine areas.

Embedding the development related objectives and supporting actions in this Strategy within the Island Plan review will help us move even further down the ICZM road.

Some very good examples of ICZM principles are already being put into practice – for example; the majority of charter operators attended the WiSe (wildlife safe) operators course in March this year and the response from participants was overwhelmingly positive; we are midway through the process of finalising a management plan for Les Écréhous reef; and summary leaflets of the Jersey Code of Conduct for Marine Wildlife Watching were circulated at the first Jersey Boat Show. The full Code will be ready shortly on www.eco-active.je.

Community involvement is vital to delivering the objectives and supporting actions in this Strategy. ECO-ACTIVE provides one of the mechanisms for achieving this. Using this campaign, a dedicated programme will be developed to increase community understanding of the issues raised in the Strategy so that all Islanders have the opportunity to be involved in and proud of Jersey's world class marine and coastal environment.

Senator Freddie Cohen

Minister for Planning and Environment

1. Introduction

Integrated Coastal Zone Management is the process of making different policies and management practices in coastal areas work better together to ensure a co-ordinated and sustainable approach to the future management of Jersey's coastal zone. This Integrated Coastal Zone Management Strategy for Jersey will improve the way Jersey's coast is managed by:

Promoting integrated management by encouraging bodies to work together

and to consider management of the coastal zone as a whole.

Promoting a new approach to management that will bring users and

regulators together to discuss and resolve issues at an appropriate level.

In its current form, the Strategy does not impose any new duties on States Departments, public bodies, organisations or individuals. Instead it intends that all relevant bodies will use their existing powers better, in order to implement the actions listed in the Strategy and to which the various government departments have agreed.

The processes advocated within the plan are essentially a tool for conflict resolution as a result of the large number of often competing activities at the coast. Over time some conflicts will be resolved and additional, potentially unforeseen, issues will arise. The Outputs and Outcomes presented in Section 5.1 and the Indicators listed in Section 5.2 will be reported on and revised as necessary on an annual basis. The Strategy as a whole will be reviewed every five years.

1. The importance of Jersey's coastal zone and territorial waters

Jersey's coastline is 90km long at high water mark, not including the offshore reefs. The length of sea edge is an important influence on the Island's character and perceptions of character. On spring tides the difference between low and high tide can be as much as 12m. The south, south-east and west coast have a very shallow, gently sloping shore profile which means that a very large intertidal area is exposed at low tide and the Island almost doubles in size to about 200 square kilometres. By contrast the north and south west coasts are characterised by steep granite cliffs and coastal heath. Both the inland character of Jersey and its marine environment are very much influenced by the great variation in aspect and exposure of its coastal edges. (Countryside Character Appraisal, 1999)

Jersey's territorial waters stretch out to 12 nautical miles or to the median line between France and Guernsey and cover almost 2,000 square kilometres. This is a surface area of over seventeen times greater than its territorial land mass at high water of 117 square kilometres. Our coastal and marine areas are of outstanding scenic, historic and cultural value boosting Jersey's image both at home and abroad and feature regularly in tourism marketing material.

Jersey's coastal zone is an area of increasingly intense activity, where complex interactions take place between physical, biological, social, cultural and economic activities. A study carried out in 1995 (Kindleysides 1995) identified 38 intertidal biotopes locally compared to 87 in the entire UK. Jersey's location at the confluence of the cold and warm temperature marine biogeographical region together with the warming influence of the Gulf Stream results in important groups of animal and plants associated with the warmer waters of southern Europe, as well as species associated with the cold, northern waters of the UK. (State of Jersey Report 2005)

The overall extent and character of the rocky reefs and intertidal sediment flats on the south east coast is found nowhere else in Europe (Kindleysides 1995). At low tide an extensive and biologically rich area of 3,210 hectares is exposed. The steep rocky coast, granite rocky platform and beach coast comprise the Jersey shoreline and are equally important, although better studied than the subtidal environment of predominantly tideswept sands and gravels. Large reef systems surround Les Écréhous and the Paternosters and extensive areas of shallow water with mixed sediment habitat stretch southeast from the Violet Bank. Of special interest is the submerged Plateau des Minquiers, an area of water shallower than 10m covering 100 square kilometres. (State of Jersey Report 2005)

The international importance of Jersey's coastal waters is recognised by the fact that almost 190 square kilometres of inter-tidal habitat, spread across Jersey's south-east coast and offshore reefs, are designated as wetlands of international importance under the Ramsar Convention[1].

Figure 1: Jersey's Ramsar Sites

Les Pierres de Les Écréhous Lecq & Les

(Paternosters) Dirouilles

(512 ha) (5,459 ha)

South East Coast (3,210 ha)

Les Minquiers (9,575 ha)

The seas around Jersey are very productive. This is reflected in the economic importance of fishing and aquaculture. The fishing industry plays a significant role in Island life and the maintenance of the marine habitat is important to safeguard nursery grounds and feeding areas for commercial species. Whilst on a different scale to the finance industry our marine and coastal areas support approximately 180 fishing and aquaculture related jobs. The first hand landed value of the industry was just under £6 million in 2007.

Table 1: Landings by weight and value of Jersey registered fishing boats (2007)

*excluding UK landings

Other key industries drawing on marine and coastal resources around our shores include shipping, tourism and recreation. In 2007 almost 785,000 passengers and almost 530,000 tonnes of freight and fuel passed through Jersey ports. Marine wildlife tourism supports an increasing number of jobs and provides additional activities for local residents and tourists alike.

Jersey is also rich in coastal and marine sites of cultural, archaeological and historical significance including one of the most important Palaeolithic sites in the British Isles at La Cotte de St Brelade; peat beds and remains of a Neolithic forest sealed beneath inter-tidal sands; and a rich density and diversity of coastal fortifications with excellent examples of Tudor, Napoleonic and Second World War structures.

2. Pressures and threats

The abundant natural wealth and spectacular scenery of the coast have provided livelihoods for generations of communities in Jersey. Ports and harbours, fisheries, aquaculture, agriculture, mineral extraction, industry, housing development, tourism and power generation all compete for space and coastal resources. Added to that is the  threat  of  reclamation  for  both  waste  disposal  and  creating  additional  land resources. Jersey's coast is also extremely accessible, which means that a huge range of outdoor recreational activities also take place - surfing, kite-surfing, sailing, diving, angling, water-skiing and walking are more popular than ever.

Global climate change is also adding a new intensity to the pressures faced by our coastline. The coastline can adjust to changes if enough space to retreat to is available but often human interests are not compatible with such change. With rising sea  levels,  and  increased  storminess  and  higher  temperatures  predicted,  the challenge will be to manage coastal activities in a sustainable way whilst ensuring the health of coastal ecosystems and mitigating against the worst  effects of climate change.

Our coast  and territorial waters provide a multitude  of vital resources and offer significant economic benefits through fisheries, transport and tourism. However, the planning and regulation of coastal activities provides challenges as there is the added dimension of integration between land and sea and between different sectors of activity.

This strategy aims to provide a single coherent set of policies to manage Jersey's marine and coastal environment for the first time.

2. Principles underlying the Strategy

1. EU Principles of ICZM

In 2002, following a 5 year Demonstration Programme, the European Parliament and the European Council of Ministers recommended that Member States follow eight principles in formulating national strategies for ICZM and any subsequent measures based on these strategies.

These principles are:

• a broad overall perspective.

• a long-term perspective.

• adaptive management.

• be locally specific.

• work with natural processes and respecting the carrying capacity of ecosystems.

• involve all stakeholders.

• support and involvement of all relevant administrative bodies

• use a combination of instruments.

These principles are the foundation on which UK and French ICZM initiatives are likely to be built and against which success will be measured. Whilst not in the EU, there are clear policy directions within the States of Jersey's Strategic Plan (Strategic Aim 7) for Jersey to work closely with neighbouring authorities. As a result Jersey is taking an active role within the British Irish Council (Environment) Group on ICZM and is also actively seeking to work more closely with French counterparts on marine environmental issues, see Objective 4 – Working with Stakeholders. This Strategy is also built and will be tested against these principles.

2. Precautionary principle

In common with many other countries, our baseline knowledge of Jersey's coastal and marine habitats and species lags woefully behind that of its terrestrial counterparts. This Strategy therefore advocates the precautionary principle, which effectively means sensibly erring on the side of caution where scientific evidence or the balance of evidence is not conclusive.

It is considered that the application of the principle should lead to action that is proportionate to the required level of protection. It should also be consistent with other forms of action and be targeted to the risk.

The introduction of policies such as the requirement for Strategic Environmental Assessment or Sustainability Assessment of all new plans and strategies, especially those that impact on the marine and coastal environment, will help to ensure that this approach is followed.

3. Spatial planning and the Island Plan Review

Under the Planning and Building (Jersey) Law 2002 the definition of land is as follows:

"land" means a corporeal hereditament, and includes –

1. a building;

2. land covered with water including sea water within the outermost limits of the territorial sea of the Island; and
3. in relation to the acquisition of land by the States under Article 119, an interest in land or water and a servitude or right in, on or over land or water;

The Island Plan 2002 provided for a Marine Protection Zone (Policy M1) extending from the Mean High Water Mark (MHWM) to the territorial limits.

The Jersey Island Plan 2002 contains a number of policies that either directly or indirectly impact upon the marine and coastal environment. These policies are currently being reconsidered as part of the Island Plan Review. Policy C1 proposes marine and coastal policies and directions that need to be considered within the Island Plan Review.

4. Ecosystem approach

The ecosystem approach is not a formula for managing ecosystems but rather a framework for making ecologically sound decisions, recognising that people and cultural diversity are an integral part of many natural ecosystems. It recognises that people depend on healthy ecosystems and that there are limits to how much the environment can sustain in terms of social and economic benefits. If these limits are exceeded, the integrity of the system breaks down and it becomes less stable and less productive. This can severely affect our quality of life. This approach reflects the States of Jersey Strategic Plan 2006 – 2011, which recognises the importance of a healthy environment to underpin the high quality of life enjoyed in Jersey.

3. International and EU policies and legislation

1. Multi-lateral environmental agreements

The inclusion of ICZM as one of the principal recommendations of Agenda 21, at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (the Earth Summit, Rio de Janeiro, 1992) gave the concept both international prominence and political legitimacy.

Jersey is signatory to a number of multi-lateral environmental agreements (MEAs) that are of relevance to our coastal and marine area. These conventions address issues such as biodiversity, marine pollution, fishing, maritime safety and archaeology.

Commitment 5.2 of the States Strategic Plan 2006-2011 is Continued development of the Island's international constitutional position and international profile', that is indicated by compliance with relevant and reasonable international treaties'. To achieve this, 5.2.8 states that the States will Over the period 2007-2010, meet, where possible, international standards set through the extension of international treaties and conventions.'

Other international conventions of significance include:

• RAMSAR Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (1971 / 1976)

• ASCOBANS Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic and North Seas (1991 / 2002)

• Bonn Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species (1979 / 1985)

• Bern Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (1979 / 2002)

• United Nations International Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982 / 1997)

• International Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North East Atlantic (OSPAR) (1992 / 2000)

• UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992) and Kyoto Protocol (1997 / 2006)

• Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context (Espoo Convention) (1991 / 1997)

• The Granada Convention for the Protection of the Architectural Heritage of Europe (1985)

Jersey is also working towards the following:

• International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co- operation (OPRC) (1990)

• Aarhus Convention on access to information, public participation in decision making and access to justice in environmental matters (1998)

A review of MEAs in 2003, which was updated in 2007, revealed that Jersey is currently not meeting many of its obligations under the coastal and marine MEAs, and in particular under Ramsar. The adoption and implementation of this Strategy is an essential step forward in redressing this position and thereby meeting the States Strategic Plan commitment.

2. Relevant EU Legislation and Policies

While no EU legislative measures apply directly in Jersey, there are various sectoral EU policies and Directives that have an immediate impact on the coastal zone, which also have some relevance in Jersey such as:

• Common Fisheries Policy (CFP)

• Bathing Water Directive

• Shellfish Waters Directive

• Water Framework Directive

Further cross-sector legislation includes:

• Strategic Environmental Assessment Directive

• Environmental Impact Assessment Directive

In most cases, measures are already in place to meet these requirements. However, where this is not the case, for example, Strategic Environmental Assessment, appropriate policies are being examined to fill this gap.

4. Strategy Objectives, Key Aims and Desired Outcomes

Policies within the Strategy are divided below under four sub-headings. Policies cover economic, social and environmental aspects of the coastal zone. The Strategy introduces measures that will:

1. Protect and conserve the wildlife, habitats, geodiversity and cultural heritage of Jersey's coast and sea, their supporting ecological processes and overall resilience.
2. Increase understanding of marine and coastal environments, their natural processes, the impact that human activities have upon them, how to minimise those that have an adverse effect and improve the quality of decision-making.
3. Promote and encourage sensitive use of natural resources to ensure long- term environmental, social and economic benefits.
4. Work with stakeholders to promote awareness, understanding and appreciation of the value of marine and coastal environments and seek wider involvement in adapting to change and in developing new policies.

Aim A: Protect and Conserve Coastal and Marine Wildlife, Habitats, Geodiversity and Cultural Heritage

A1. Develop a Marine Biodiversity Action Plan with targets for marine and

coastal habitats and species.

Jersey's Biodiversity Action Plan 2000 refers to marine and coastal species but does not identify specific marine and coastal habitats. The development of this plan is required to fulfil obligations under a number of Multilateral Environmental Agreements and must therefore be completed by 2010 to meet the Strategic Plan Aim 5.2.8. The implementation of any resulting Species Action Plans and Habitat Action Plans should be co-ordinated through the Biodiversity Partnership (see Aim D1iii). This will require additional marine ecology resources within the Environment Department to fill the current gap (see Section 6).

Consultation with key stakeholders and the co-operation and sharing of knowledge between professionals, amateurs and volunteer groups will be fundamental to the success of the long term implementation of the marine BAP. It will also be important to co-ordinate with French counterparts along the Normandy and Brittany coast to share understanding and knowledge of coastal habitats and species. See also Aim D1iii, D4 and D5.

A2. Reduce inputs of nutrients and hazardous chemicals and materials from

land-based sources to improve the water quality of marine and coastal waters.

In addition to the Water Pollution (Jersey) Law 2000, a number of initiatives are in place to improve inputs from the land to the sea.

• Memorandum of Understanding between Planning and Environment and Jersey Harbours in relation to water pollution issues.

• Rural Strategy (2005) advocates sound management practices.

• Countryside  Renewal  Scheme  encourages  effective  adoption  of  Nutrient Management Strategies.

• The Water Code provides statutory guidance to farmers and growers to avoid causing water pollution.

The following initiatives are also in progress:

Work has been undertaken by the Environmental Protection section of the Planning and Environment Department to research and identify proposed Water Quality Objectives (WQOs) and Water Catchment Management Areas (WCMAs) for the Island. Following this work a project group involving Environment Division staff working together with industry personnel is to be established by the end of June 2008. An expected output of this group will be a detailed and timed action plan to establish WQOs and WCMAs that take into account the Island's obligations under the EU Water Framework Directive and its changing land-use patterns.

A3. Reduce inputs of nutrients and hazardous chemicals and materials from

boat-based sources to improve the water quality of marine and coastal waters.

A number of immediate actions are required in partnership with Jersey Harbours and other stakeholders:

A3i. Finalise Marine Pollution Advisory Group (MPAG) Strategy to ensure effective

regulation under future OPRC (Oil Pollution Preparedness Response and Co- operation) and MAROL legislation, including an assessment of the risks to Jersey's marine and coastal environment posed by shipping.

A3ii. Examine ways to encourage use of reception facilities in ports, harbours and

marinas for pumping out and for litter in order to discourage recreational water craft from emptying their waste into the sea. The introduction of a programme such as The Green Blue, an environmental awareness initiative by the British Marine Federation and the Royal Yachting Association, is to be explored for Jersey. This will also contribute to A3.

A3iii. Work with the countries of the British Irish Council (BIC) Environment Sub-

Group to examine the feasibility and potential cost of extending the Fishing For Litter' (FFL) initiative to Jersey. FFL invites fishermen to participate in a voluntary scheme to help reduce marine litter through both collection and helping to change attitudes.

A4. Reduce the impact of fishing activities on non-target species and habitats

by introducing fishing management techniques and technical measures that are more selective and/or are less damaging to the seabed.

The Fisheries and Marine Resources Section of the Environment Department have an ongoing programme to monitor gear technologies and techniques to encourage the use of more selective and less damaging management techniques and technical measures where appropriate. This ongoing programme will be essential in order to fulfil requirements under C3, the potential adoption of an international certification system that recognises well-managed fisheries. Specific attention will be given to the impact of fishing activities within the Ramsar sites (under C2) and also within any further marine protected areas (under A6). Greater public awareness is also required of the many extensive protective measures that already exist to protect non-target species and habitats.

The Fisheries and Marine Resources Panel (formerly the Sea Fisheries Advisory Panel)  comprising  both  amateur  and  professional  members,  provides  a  local mechanism to address fishermen's concerns about over exploitation, neighbourhood agreements with the French and local conservation issues.

The  Panel  plays  an  active  and  integral  part  in  developing  and  introducing  new fisheries management techniques and technical measures. The diverse membership of the Panel encourages this holistic approach to management.

A5. Identify the potential threats to Jersey's coastal zone posed by climate

change and consider appropriate actions for safety, well-being and economic interests of coastal communities.

A number of initiatives are in place to tackle this issue, for example:

Marine Climate Change Impacts Programme (MCCIP)

Jersey is a sponsoring partner of the MCCIP, which is a partnership between scientists, government, its agencies and NGOs. The principal aim is to develop a long-term multi-disciplinary approach to understanding and communicating the implications of climate change in our seas. For more information see www.mccip.org.uk/arc.

Climate Change, Jersey: Effects on Coastal Defences

In 2007, a study was commissioned by the Transport and Technical Services Department to examine the impact of climate change on Jersey's coastal defence structures. The report (HR Wallingford, 2007) concluded that adaptation measures would be required in the longer term and stressed the importance of the early development of a framework for decision making based on criteria which would be used to decide how best to invest public funding to reduce the threats to the community of flooding and erosion. It stated that there needed to be a discussion and agreement on the relative weighting to be given to protecting public' and privately owned' assets, to preserving or enhancing the natural environment, to preserving assets of cultural or historical importance and to the wider socio-economic character of Jersey, which is strongly influenced by its beaches and coastline. This framework would need to be developed with full

stakeholder involvement.

Climate Change in Jersey, Your Questions Answered'

In 2008 a report is being produced to set out what we currently know about

Jersey and climate change. This will provide the foundation on which to set

further policy on climate change adaptation and mitigation measures. Development of Climate Change Adaptation Measures

Climate Change Adaptation Measures are to be developed at the end of 2008 following approval of the Energy White Paper by the States of Jersey. The Environment Department will lead on this initiative in consultation with other stakeholders.

Furthermore, as stated in C1, the revised Island Plan will include policies to ensure that climate change issues are taken into account in the determination of planning applications.

A review is required of all designated and proposed protected areas to ensure that Jersey's network of marine and coastal protected areas covers the points above. This could include areas protected at different levels, for example, No Take Zones, marine SSIs or even a marine national park. This will need to be done based on sound scientific evidence and with full and extensive consultation with stakeholders.

A7. Identify and designate a network of coastal and maritime geological sites

that is geologically meaningful and represents Jersey's full geodiversity.

A network of 21 proposed sites of geological interest (geological SSIs) was put forward in 2007. The majority of these are coastal sites. Three sites are to be designated as geological SSIs in 2008 with the remainder to be designated as soon as possible thereafter. As part of the programme to develop this network it will also be very important to raise awareness of the importance of geodiversity.

A8. Identify and designate coastal and maritime heritage sites

The Valetta European Convention on the Protection of Archaeological Heritage was extended to Jersey in September 2002. Cultural heritage assets are listed as Sites of  Special  Interest  and/or  included  on  the  Register  of  Buildings  and  Sites  of Architectural,  Archaeological  and  Historic  Importance  in  Jersey  (the  Register). Inclusion of a cultural asset on the Register is intended to preserve its contribution to the cultural heritage and amenity of  Jersey, and to ensure that it  is  a material consideration in the planning process.

Whilst  many  of  the  Island's  coastal  heritage  assets  are  identified  and  known, knowledge of marine sites is limited. A frequently cited assumption is that due to Jersey's dynamic tidal environment very little underwater cultural heritage will have remained intact, however, it is important to expand knowledge of the Island's marine archaeology and to ensure that which does remain is identified and designated accordingly.

The potential to engage the local diving community in building up the knowledge base of our underwater cultural heritage needs to be explored. See Aim D: Working with Stakeholders for more details.

A9. Identify the potential threats to Jersey's marine and coastal habitats and

species and also Jersey's disease-free status posed by the introduction of alien species and put in place measures to minimise these threats where possible.

Alien species can act  as vectors for new diseases,  alter  ecosystem processes, change biodiversity, disrupt cultural landscapes, reduce the value of land and water for human activities and cause other socio-economic consequences for man. In Jersey, for example, as well as the potential alterations to marine biodiversity, a major economic consideration is the threat to disease-free status' for aquaculture. Identified pathways include ballast water in ships and the importation of seed for aquaculture.

Increased awareness of the impact of alien species on Jersey's marine and coastal habitats  and  species  is  vital  to  ensure  that  the  threats  posed  by  this  issue  is minimised.

Aim  B:  Increase  Understanding  of  Jersey's  Marine  and  Coastal Environments

Seabed habitats and the communities of species that occupy them are an essential component of the marine ecosystem. A greater understanding of the distribution, extent and status or quality of marine habitats is required to facilitate the protection of threatened and rare habitats and, more generally, the assessment of the state of the marine environment.

Such information is also needed to improve spatial and strategic planning of human activities,  in  particular  to  promote  the  wiser  use  of  habitats  where  there  are competing  demands  (e.g.  fishing,  sand  and  gravel  extraction,  wind  energy generation, nature conservation). As such, information on marine habitats needs to play a major role in the ecosystem-based approach to management of the marine environment that is now widely advocated at national and international levels (Defra 2002; North Sea Conference 2002).

Our understanding of Jersey's marine and coastal habitats and species lags far behind its terrestrial equivalent. Better use needs to be made of existing data and, given resource constraints, a strategic approach must be taken to collecting new data. Information systems are required to make up this gap and provide spatial and temporal information on the distribution of biodiversity, natural features and human activity.

It is proposed that two different systems are required to improve knowledge and access to information about Jersey's marine and coastal environment, as described in B1 and B3 below. Both of these initiatives assist with the States commitment to work towards extension to Jersey of the Aarhus Convention on Public Access to Environmental Information.

There are resource implications for implementing all of the policies within this aim. It is only likely to be possible to fulfil any of these with an increase in the marine ecology capacity within the Planning and Environment to co-ordinate the projects.

B1. Draw together a Marine and Coastal Database to make better use of

existing data and information

It is clear that a considerable amount of data and information exists but it is scattered across different systems and paper documents. This needs to be brought together in a meaningful  and publicly accessible format. The proposed database will draw together a list of existing documents, including latest legislation. Rather than trying to store all of the documents in one location, it will act as a meta-database, i.e. provide a signpost to all known material held on marine and coastal areas of Jersey. This will ensure that awareness is raised of publicly-funded research and information is made freely available to maximise the value of the States of Jersey's investment.

This project was scoped and started in 2005, but stopped due to lack of manpower resources. It is planned that when available, the database will be accessible via Jersey Archive's homepage http://jerseyheritagetrust.jeron.je/archive.html. The Environment Department will look at how the information is to be displayed and where a link to Jersey Archive, along with an explanatory note, will go on the Environment Department's website. All documents are to be referenced using the Dewey decimal system.

Two clear messages emerged about the database from the consultation that will be important to bear in mind when setting up this project: firstly, stakeholders should be involved and informed in setting up the database and secondly, it must be kept up-to- date with ongoing research.

B2. Develop marine habitat classification for Jersey as a tool to aid the

management and conservation of marine habitats

Examples of marine habitat classification exist, for example the one in use in the UK is one of the most comprehensive marine benthic classification systems currently in use, and has been developed through the analysis of empirical data sets, the review of other classifications and scientific literature, and in collaboration with a wide range of  marine  scientists  and  conservation  managers.  It  is  fully  compatible  with  and contributes to the European EUNIS habitat classification system.

This  system  has  also  been  developed  as  a  tool  to  aid  the  management  and conservation of marine habitats. It provides an ecologically-based classification of seashore and seabed features in a way which is meaningful both to detailed scientific application and to the much broader requirements for management of the marine environment. The classification is also relevant to the habitat requirements of more mobile species, such as fish and marine mammals.

Such a project for Jersey is likely to be costly, but this is an essential foundation for developing marine spatial planning. We should therefore explore the most cost effective way of developing a marine habitat classification system for Jersey and develop a plan of action to implement it.

B3. Develop a Marine and Coastal Atlas for Jersey to improve marine and

coastal spatial information

This facility is needed to locate, obtain and digitally collate marine and coastal information along the Jersey coast and for the Marine Protection Zone. Using the Jersey Digital Map, the Atlas would provide a resource to the public and private sector to enable accurate assessment for coastal and marine management in Jersey, based on sound scientific information and data. As well as making accessible the information from B2, it would also make the most of knowledge gained by people and organisations that have an interest in the coast and sea. This project is an essential component to effectively introduce marine spatial planning. The system would need to be updated on a regular basis to reflect the dynamic nature of the marine and coastal environment.

The Project could be divided into three different phases:

• Phase 1: where useful coastal and marine data would be identified and put into a format, which could be viewed eventually through a website. Information on the data would also be provided. The States of Jersey already holds a great deal of data and this will be the initial source of information. Data from other organisations would then be encouraged to enable more information to be disseminated.

• Phase 2: would look at providing the information and data through the States of Jersey website. There would be links to other relevant sites that hold useful data.

• Phase 3 would be an investigation into the publication of a Marine and Coastal Atlas for Jersey, building on the Snapshot of the Environment Report - this would likely to be contracted out and would require significant funding and links to both policies B1 and B2.

B4. Co-ordinate information and data requirements to focus requests for

student research projects

In developing this Strategy, existing datasets and reports were identified, which will be included within the Marine and Coastal Database and Marine and Coastal Atlas. In addition, a number of areas were identified for future research, for example:

• Review of recreational activities and impacts on marine wildlife.

• An oral history database of sea/coast users' experiences.

Numerous approaches are made to the Planning and Environment Department every year by students seeking advice on the direction to take for research projects. Using the information gathered under Policies B1 to B3, described above, it is planned to develop a list of live' topics that will help students at all levels focus on research topics that will be of future use to the Department. This list will be available online via the Department's website. The results of the studies will then also be available via the Marine and Coastal Database, and where appropriate, the Marine and Coastal Atlas.

B5. Investigate the feasibility and potential costs of setting up a marine research laboratory for use by visiting schools and universities

Jersey's dynamic and varied marine and coastal environment provides an excellent outdoor classroom for university level research projects. Coupled with the intention to develop a suite of marine protected areas, the provision of a marine laboratory has the potential to be extremely beneficial for Jersey. As a centre of excellence for marine research it would have the added value benefit of attracting researchers to study Jersey's marine and coastal environment, which may prove to be a cost- effective way of funding future research.

Aim C: Promote and Encourage Sensitive Use of Natural Resources

C1. Ensure policies within the Island Plan Review reflect the principles of the

ICZM Strategy

Jersey's planning law extends to the limits of our territorial waters. This means that there is no invisible barrier between land and sea in relation to development control. However, as Jersey is very heavily influenced by the UK's Town and Country Planning System, which stops at the Mean Low Water Mark (MLWM), this advantage is not always fully realised as planning professionals do not have experience in dealing in the marine environment. Additional expertise is required when dealing with planning applications below the MLWM. In a number of cases parallel systems are in operation, for example a FEPA licence is required for some activities and a shellfish licence as well as planning permission required for shellfish concessions.

The Island Plan 2002 was forward thinking at its time and comprehensively covered many aspects of the marine and coastal environment. At present much of the undeveloped coast, including the terrestrial parts of the offshore reefs, is classified as Zone of Outstanding Character – the highest level of protection currently available in planning policy terms, aside from the legal and policy protection afforded by designation as a Site of Special Interest. The remainder of the less developed area and its hinterland is classified as Green Zone with the remaining undeveloped parts of the built up area being classified as Shoreline Zone'.

In all of these areas there is a general presumption against new development largely based on the objective of protecting the visual character and amenity of the environment. If the coastline is to be managed in a sustainable way, it is important that future development proposals are considered against a planning policy regime that is based on a set of broader principles, which need to be considered within the context of the Island Plan Review, including:

1. Protect the undeveloped coast. Only developments requiring a coastal location should be favourably considered in the coastal zone. It will also be important to monitor changes in the undeveloped coast (see Section 5).
2. Maintaining and enhancing the Marine Protection Zone: The Marine Protection Zone, as identified within Policy M1 within the Island Plan 2002 should remain. This policy reflects the precautionary principle. As we do not yet have enough information about the habitats and species along our shores and sub-tidal areas to zone this area into smaller more sensitive and less sensitive units according to habitat type, there may be a need to enhance this policy to ensure that the impact of development which does requires a coastal location and which may be considered favourably in the MPZ, is sufficiently mitigated so as not to cause undue harm to this sensitive environment.
3. Discouraging reclamation: On the basis of the application of the precautionary principle, further reclamation should be discouraged. The 2002 Island Plan

proposal to reclaim land at St Aubin should be reviewed against this context, as part of the Island Plan Review. In cases where there is felt to be an over-riding national interest, reclamation should only be considered after a full investigation of all possible options. Incursion into the South East Coast Ramsar site could only take place following reference back to the UK Government and the Ramsar committee.

4. Responding to climate change: there is a need to ensure that planning policy recognises the potential threats to Jersey's coastal zone posed by climate change and for the Island Plan to make provision for future development accordingly.
5. Recognising and protecting seascape character: As a small island, Jersey's character is significantly influenced by the visual relationship of the sea and the land, and the view and perception of it from the sea and from low-lying coastal areas, including bays, beaches and the coastal plains of St Ouen, St Clement and Grouville , are significant. The Countryside Character Appraisal (LUC 1999) was a key document in refining the zones upon which the Island Plan 2002 is based and included an assessment of the character of the Island's coastal areas.

Seascape character is made up of physical characteristics of hinterland, coast and sea plus a range of perceptual responses to the seascape, as well as visual aspects. Seascapes are highly sensitive and are at risk of having their key characteristics fundamentally altered by inappropriate or insensitive development. It is, therefore, important that any policy framework in the new Island Plan that seeks to identify and protect the character of Island's coast, should require explicit consideration of the impact of development upon seascape'.

The Island Plan Review should take the opportunity to review the existing planning policy framework for the protection of the Island's character to ensure that appropriate and explicit consideration is required relative to any assessment of development proposals upon the seascape and the character of the coast. In so doing, consideration should be given to the sensitivity of each of the Island's existing character areas in terms of how vulnerable or robust seascape character is to change.

6. Maintaining and promoting access to the coast: the planning policy regime should seek to protect and maintain existing public access to the coast and, where it is relevant and appropriate to do so, provision for new public access should be encouraged as an integral part of development proposals.
7. Strategic Environmental Assessment / Sustainability Assessment: The requirement for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of development proposals likely to have a significant environmental impact is now well established in Jersey. There is now a requirement for a policy to ensure that all plans and programmes are subjected to the same rigorous assessment. This should ensure that environmental, social and economic issues are considered together at a strategic level before a plan or programme is approved.

viii. Aquaculture Management Strategy: Intertidal aquaculture concessions cover almost 63 hectares on the south-east and eastern coasts. A large proportion of the concessions lie within the South-East Coast Ramsar site. These concessions also have the majority of activity and land-based facilities associated with them.

Concerns have been raised about the rapid expansion of these concessions, both in  terms  of  physical  presence  within  the  intertidal  zone  and  the  increase  in associated activity, and the resulting impact on the features for which the Ramsar site was designated.

The  capacity  of  this  sensitive  intertidal  environment  to  accommodate  further economic activity without undue harm to the character of this part of the coast and its  role  as  an  important  area  for  wading  birds  presents  issues  for  land-use planning and the management of fish-farming activity. Work is required to better understand the ability of this area to accept further change the outcome of which should be considered in the context of the planning policy and fishing licensing regimes.

C2. Develop Management Plans for all Ramsar sites and future protected areas

At present, 186 km2 of the south-east coast and offshore reefs are designated as wetlands  of  international  importance  under  the  Ramsar  Convention.  Local protection of these areas is an obligation of the Convention. This is being met through the development of management plans for each of the Ramsar sites. In some areas, local designation as SSI is also being explored. These actions are being undertaken in full consultation with all stakeholders and are described further in the following section.

Timescales for developing Ramsar Management Plans are as follows:

• Les Écréhous and Les Dirouilles : Q1 – Q3 2008

• Les Minquiers : Q3 – Q4 2008

• Les Pierres de Lecq : Q1 – Q2 2009

• South-East Coast : 2009

As further coastal and marine sites are designated to fulfil Policy A6, management plans will be required to ensure protection.

C3. Encourage better returns for Jersey caught marine species by investigating

the possibility of supporting the adoption of an internationally recognised certification programme, which promotes well-managed fisheries.

Consumers are increasingly concerned about where their food comes from and the journey it  takes to reach their plate. Jersey is  well  placed to benefit from the marketing advantages of consumer's preferences for a well-managed fishery. In the future it looks likely that certification from a recognised body will be a prerequisite in the  markets  that  Jersey  currently  exports  to  in  the  UK  and  mainland  Europe. Internationally  recognised  schemes,  such  as  the  one  offered  by  the  Marine Stewardship  Council,  offer  an  environmental  standard  for  sustainable  and  well- managed fisheries using product labels to reward environmentally responsible fishery management and practices.

The adoption of such a scheme by the Jersey fishing industry will enable consumers concerned  about  overfishing  and  its  environmental  and  social  consequences  to choose Jersey seafood products, which have been independently assessed against agreed standards and labelled to prove it.

Clearly, financial and manpower resources are required to adopt such a scheme. As such the economic, social and environmental costs and benefits of the available schemes should be weighed up before adoption and commitment from the fishing industry secured.

Aim D: Work with Stakeholders

This Strategy will only succeed with the involvement of stakeholders in its implementation, development and future revisions. The term stakeholder' covers a wide range of meanings, but fundamentally means anyone with an interest in a particular issue, including elected representatives, government departments, schools, non-governmental organisations, clubs, societies, commercial businesses, property owners, participants in an activity or any individual be they professional or untrained, expert or amateur.

The following specific activities and policies are put forward to improve current stakeholder involvement in the full range of coastal and marine issues. It is recognised that this list will change over time as different issues come to the fore. It will be important, therefore, to revise this list each time the Strategy itself is reviewed.

D1. Ensure that effective co-ordination arrangements are in place across the

States of Jersey and other interests with a role in the coastal zone to facilitate the ICZM process in Jersey.

The consultation paper asked whether a Coastal Forum should be set up to ensure delivery of the ICZM Strategy. The response was mixed. Some were supportive, others felt that the same result could be achieved by better co-ordinating the existing groups dealing with issues in the coastal zone. It has been concluded therefore that the most appropriate approach, at this stage, is to develop smaller fora to work on specific issues at a more localised level. A current example of this is in drawing up the Les Écréhous Management Plan, see Policy C2. There is, however, an ongoing commitment to involve stakeholders in the delivery of this Strategy.

D2. Through ECO-ACTIVE, promote greater community involvement in and

understanding of marine and coastal issues

ECO-ACTIVE (www.eco-active.je) is a campaign which provides accurate, States endorsed information to empower Islanders to make more environmentally conscious decisions. Using this campaign, a dedicated programme will be developed to increase community understanding of marine and coastal issues. The following examples will be the first focus:

D2i. Use the Environmental Visitor Centres, Discovery Pier, Kempt Tower and the Maritime Museum to raise awareness of current marine and coastal issues

Discovery Pier is a marine environmental visitor centre located at the end of Gorey Pier. Open daily from 1st May – 30th September, it provides a wealth of information

about Jersey's marine and coastal environment. (www.eco-active.je)

Kempt Tower, located in St Ouen's Bay, is an environmental visitor centre open daily from 1st May – 30th September. It covers a broad spectrum of environmental issues,

some of which relate to the marine environment, for example, offshore wind energy and recreation within St Ouen's Bay.

The Maritime Museum in St Helier, open from Easter until the end of October, is another invaluable source of information focusing on Jersey's maritime heritage and the experiences of Islanders, both contemporary and historic (www.jerseyheritagetrust.org)

All centres provide excellent opportunities to raise awareness of marine and coastal issues and are updated regularly with new initiatives in place each year.

D2ii. Revise the Marine Mammal Sightings Database to include basking sharks

and other marine wildlife and increase sightings reported

A comprehensive marine mammal sightings database exists but reported sightings have diminished considerably in recent years. The ECO-ACTIVE campaign will be used to encourage boat users to increase the number of reports of marine mammal sightings. It will be important to co-ordinate with local organisations such as Marine Section of the Société Jersiaise and also wider programmes such as those run by the Seawatch Foundation. This will include participation in the European wide marine mammal photo identification programme Euroflukes. The ongoing success of the database will depend on regular reporting back to contributors to show how valued their sightings are in both the local and wider efforts to protect marine mammals.

D2iii. Encourage the involvement of local marine life experts and enthusiasts

and  local  divers  within  the  Biodiversity  Partnership  to  improve knowledge of our intertidal and marine habitats and species.

The  Jersey  Biodiversity  Partnership  was  set  up  in  2006  for  the  purpose  of implementing Jersey's Biodiversity Action Plans (BAP), covering 51 species and 1 habitat in Jersey. These were formed following Jersey's signature to the Convention on  Biological  Diversity  (1992)  and  the  subsequent  need  for  action  to  conserve biodiversity at a local level. Jersey Biodiversity Partnership is an informal partnership of  more  than  50  organisations  and  individuals  committed  to  preserving  and enhancing  biodiversity  in  Jersey.  Partners  support  the  Jersey  Biodiversity Partnership in a variety of ways; with time, expertise, funding or other resources.

Action Plans are already in place for the basking shark and sea grass with three more to be launched in July 2008 for the Brent goose, ormer and puffin. However, at present organisations with an interest in marine and coastal habitats and species are under-represented within the partnership.

The development of the Marine Biodiversity Action Plan (see Policy 1.1) and the appointment  of  a  Marine  Ecologist  will  help  to  redress  this  imbalance. D2iv. Explore the possible involvement of local divers to improve knowledge of

our underwater cultural heritage

Knowledge of Jersey's underwater cultural heritage  is presently limited  and that which is known is not well recorded. To develop a better understanding of the Island's marine archaeological sites, local divers and other key stakeholders should be engaged and encouraged to work with Jersey Heritage and the Planning and Environment Department.

D3. Ensure growth in marine leisure is sustainable

Recent years have seen a growth in activity in marine and coastal leisure, both by tourists and local residents. An increase in boat ownership in general, and in fast RIBs (rigid inflatable boats) in particular[2], mean that sensitive areas such as Les Écréhous and Les Minquiers have become accessible to more and more people. It is essential that awareness is raised and mechanisms are put in place to ensure that conflicts are minimised both between different users of the marine environment and also to ensure that the coastal habitats and the species that inhabit them are not compromised.

Action is already underway on the following initiatives:

D3i. Encourage all charter vessel operators to become accredited under the

WiSe Scheme

The WiSe (Wildlife Safe) scheme is aimed at operators of small to medium sized commercial passenger carrying vessels. It is not only targeted at operators who offer dedicated marine wildlife viewing trips, but also at those operators who simply view marine wildlife on an opportunistic basis.

The WiSe scheme is the first and only programme in the UK to offer Training and Accreditation to boat operators interested in the development of sustainable marine ecotourism. Now recognised as the national standard for this type of activity, the Planning  and  Environment  Department  and  Jersey  Tourism  welcomed  the opportunity to introduce the scheme in Jersey in March 2008. Twelve local operators took part in the course and are now able to offer WiSe accredited tours.

Further courses may be run in the future, depending on demand.

D3ii. Develop a Jersey Marine and Coastal Wildlife Watching Conduct, setting out  recommendations,  advice  and  information  relating  to  commercial  and leisure activities involving the watching of marine and coastal wildlife.

A Marine and Coastal Wildlife Watching Code has been developed through the winter of 2007/08 in consultation with a wide range of stakeholders including local scientists and wildlife watching tourist guides to educate users on the importance of protecting Jersey's marine environment and the species that live there.

The Code will contain information on:

• Activities which are likely to disturb marine wildlife;

• Circumstances in which marine and coastal wildlife may be approached;

• The manner in which marine and coastal wildlife may best be viewed with minimum disturbance.

This comprehensive code complements the WiSe Scheme and also draws on extensive research of existing guidance. It provides an opportunity to draw together, in one place, locally-relevant information relating to best practice on watching all species of marine and coastal wildlife in and around Jersey. It will be launched at the beginning of May 2008.

It will be essential to keep under review whether the combination of these two initiatives with the development of management plans for the Ramsar areas will deliver sustainable growth in marine leisure.

D4. Work with schools to generate greater understanding of the value of

marine and coastal environment

An ongoing education programme is required to improve school pupils' understanding of the value of the marine and coastal environment. Currently there is no Schools Environmental Education Officer. It is planned to rectify this situation as soon as possible using revenue raised through environmental taxes.

As an interim measure, in the absence of a full-time Schools Environmental Education Officer, self-guided teacher packs have been commissioned by the Environment Department's Education and Awareness Officer for use by schools around the coast and also at the Planning and Environment Department's environmental interpretation centres Discovery Pier and Kempt Tower. These packs will be launched ready for Summer Term 2008.

Local school groups are encouraged to continue to use the centres for free during term time and free admission to both centres is offered for local school children during school holidays.

D5. Develop closer links with French counterparts to improve knowledge and

sustainable use of the Bay of Mont St Michel

Due to its proximity Jersey has always had and still has a significant relationship with France with regard to fisheries. Northern France has estuarine waters supporting juvenile bass, which play a significant role in Jersey's fishing industry. French fishing effort in Jersey's territorial waters is prominent, with a large number of French vessels fishing in Jersey waters. Relations are generally amicable due to regular meetings of the Joint Management Committee of the Granville Bay Treaty, liaison with Ifremer and the Affaires Maritime (the scientists and policy makers of the French Sea Fisheries Department respectively), and negotiated legislation which has developed to benefit fisheries bodies on both sides of the water.

There are other areas where it is important to develop better links with France as stakeholders in Jersey's marine and coastal environment, for example:

Sharing Jersey's territorial waters for recreation. A current example is the

development of the Les Écréhous Management Plan. This plan will not succeed unless French visitors to the reef are involved in its development and implementation. Similarly, the introduction of measures to reduce marine pollution from recreational boat-owners will require liaison with French authorities and visitors.

Sharing knowledge about Jersey's marine species and ecosystems.

Mechanisms already exist through the Normandy and Brittany Working Groups that are co-ordinated by the Economic Development Department. However, individual bi-lateral relations need to be pursued for specific issues, such as co- ordinating knowledge of marine mammals within the Bay of Mont St Michel and beyond.

Development of Renewable Energy Schemes Nuclear issues

D6. Develop closer links with other Channel Islands to improve knowledge and sustainable use of the Channel Island marine and coastal environment.

In common with policy 4.4, closer links need to be developed with Guernsey, Sark, Herm and Alderney in relation to marine and coastal issues. Clear areas of co- ordination include approaches to Ramsar site management and the recording of marine species.

D7. Participate in the British Irish Council (BIC) Environment Sub-Group on

ICZM to exchange information and experience and develop joint initiatives with BIC member states.

The BIC was created under the Agreement reached in the Multi-Party Negotiations in Belfast in 1998 to promote positive, practical relationships among its Members, which are the British and Irish Governments, the devolved administrations of Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales, and Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man.

Jersey is an active participant in the BIC Environment Group and is due to host the next Ministerial Meeting in 2009. The ICZM Sub-Group has focused to date on exchanging information and experience on the development of each of the country strategies. Future joint initiatives include Fishing for Litter (FFL) as proposed in A3iii.

5. Delivery mechanisms and measuring progress

1. Delivery mechanisms

This Strategy is a non-statutory document that aims to improve co-ordination of both statutory and non-statutory activities within the coastal zone. The Planning and Environment Department will be the main driver behind the delivery of the Strategy, but the success of its implementation will depend upon effective co-operation and communication between those involved in delivering the objectives.

Many of the objectives set out within this document will take time to implement. There are some quick-wins' that can be achieved in 2008, but essentially ICZM is a long-term process, and it will be necessary to assess in years to come both the how effective the Strategy is and also the health of the coastal zone - economically, socially  and  environmentally. This  will  be  achieved  by  measuring  outputs  and outcomes, reporting against a set of agreed indicators and periodic review of the Strategy, as outlined below. Lead organisations and partners are identified alongside each of the outputs and outcomes.

2. Outputs and Outcomes

The policy options described above have been brought together in a list of outputs and outcomes from which Ministers will be able to keep an eye on the key elements that will help secure the long term sustainability of our coasts and seas.

Table 2: Outputs

Table 3: Outcomes

environmental  benefits  of  a  biologically  diverse  coastal  and  marine environment

3. Indicators

40 indicators have been developed across 12 perspectives within the State of Jersey Report 2005, which uses the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model. 17 of these relate to the marine environment and are listed below. This list has been cross- referenced with the set of indicators established by an EU ICZM Expert Group, for sustainable development of the coastal zone. These indicators have been used to enhance the list within the State of Jersey Report and also reflect policies, outputs and outcomes within the ICZM Strategy. Additional indicators are marked in italics.

Table  4:  Marine  and  coastal  sustainability indicators  from  State  of  Jersey Report 2005 and EU ICZM Expert Group

4. Review

In the long term, the success of the Strategy will depend on its ability to respond to new challenges and accommodate change. It will therefore need to be reviewed regularly. Targets should be set each year by updating the outputs and outcomes table with a complete review every three to five years.

6. Manpower and resource implications

Delivery of this Strategy in some key areas will merely mean more co-ordination in the way in which States Departments and other organisations interact and work together. However, there are a number of significant areas where refocusing of resources are required.

The primary manpower consideration is the need to boost the marine ecology capacity within the Environment Division with the appointment of a Marine and Coastal Projects Officer (MCPO). This will be achieved by internal restructuring. The resource requirements for the development and implementation of a marine habitats classification system and the Marine and Coastal Atlas will be further refined once the marine ecology capacity within the Environment Division has been strengthened and it is clearer how much of this work can be achieved in-house'.

The Aquaculture Management Strategy will be completed in 2008 as part of the Island Plan Review. The results of this study will be incorporated within the revised Island Plan.

The appointment of a Schools Environmental Education Officer is being considered more widely and may be funded through revenue raised from Environmental Taxes.

If found to be appropriate, assistance with resources to adopt an internationally recognised certification programme for a well-managed fishery will be sought from the Economic Development Department. This is currently estimated to be in the region of a one off cost of £20,000 to set up, with recurrent annual membership costs of £3-£5k.

6.2 Cost Benefit Analysis of Proposed Policies and Expenditure