Census 2011: Report.

Report on t he

2011 Jersey Census

CONTENTS

Contents

Page Introduction  1 Summary  2 Chapter 1: Total population  5

Total population  5 Change over time  5 Parish populations and densities  6

Chapter 2: Population characteristics  7

Age and gender  7 Working age population  8 Dependency ratio  8 Place of birth  9 Net migration  11 Ethnicity  13 Residential qualifications  14 Length of residence  15 Recent arrivals 15 Marital status  17

Chapter 3: Households and housing  19

Dwellings  19 Vacant dwellings  19 Persons and bedrooms per dwelling  21 Overcrowding and under-occupation  22 Property types  23 Household tenure  23 Household composition  24 Communal establishments  26

Chapter 4: Employment  27

Economic activity  27 Unemployment  28 Occupation  30 Industry  33 Hours worked  34 Recent arrivals  35

CONTENTS

Page Chapter 5: Education  37

Highest attained educational qualification  37 Educational qualifications by age and place of birth  38 Educational qualifications by occupation and industry  39 Educational qualifications of the unemployed  41 Educational qualifications of recent arrivals  43

Chapter 6: Transport  45

Number of cars, vans and motorcycles  45 Households without access to a car / van  45 Travel to work  47

Appendix A: Definitions  50 Appendix B: Notes  53 Appendix C: Data tables   55 Appendix D: Census questionnaire extract  82

INTRODUCTION

Introduction

The 2011 Jersey census took place on Sunday 27 March 2011.

The 2011 Jersey census was run independently by the States of Jersey Statistics Unit. The entire project was carried out on-Island and in-house, with processing of census forms and data entry carried out by the Jersey census office team. All data cleansing and analysis was undertaken by the States of Jersey Statistics Unit.

A great deal of work went into ensuring the completeness and accuracy of the census data. This included Collection Officers following up non-responding households for several months after census day. There was also a detailed data checking and validation process carried out by the census office team.

A new feature of the 2011 census was the inclusion of the undercount in the overall population number and all other published census figures throughout this report. (The undercount is the small number of people who did not complete a census form). All users of Jersey's 2011 census data can therefore work from a single set of comprehensive population figures.

The Statistics Unit would particularly like to thank everyone who was involved in delivering the 2011 Jersey census – in particular the 166 field staff and members of the census office team. We would also like to thank the Jersey public for their co-operation.

This report is the amalgamation of the six census bulletins that were published by the Statistics Unit between December 2011 and March 2012 and also includes some additional analyses not included in these initial bulletins.

Any queries or requests for additional information should be directed to the Statistics Unit. This report is also available on the Statistics Unit website along with further information about the 2011 and 2001 censuses.

Dr Duncan Gibaut  

Chief Statistician and Principal Census Officer

Sarah Davis & Kim Guegan

Census Managers

Email: statistics@gov.je Website : www.gov.je/census

SUMMARY

Summary

Total population

• The total resident population of Jersey on 27 March 2011 was 97,857.

• The difference of 10,700 to the 2001 census was due to:

• undercount methodology change: 1,600 persons

• natural growth (births minus deaths): 2,300 persons

• net inward migration: 6,800 persons.

• The population density was 819 persons per km2.

Parishes

• A third of the Island's population lived in St Helier.

• The smallest parish in terms of population size was St Mary.

• St Helier had the highest population density (3,541 per km2), Trinity the lowest (253 per km2).

Age and gender structure

• Dependency ratio of 52%, similar to that measured in 2001.

• Two-thirds of the population were of working age.

• Females accounted for 51% of the population.

Place of birth

• Half of Jersey's resident population were born in Jersey.

• 7,030 (7%) were born in Portugal or Madeira.

• 3,130 (3%) were born in Poland.

• 3,790 (4%) were born outside of Europe.

• Since 2001, there has been a net migration of:

• 3,500 British-born persons into the Island

• 3,100 Polish-born persons into the Island

• 1,900 Portuguese-born persons into the Island

• 4,100 Jersey-born persons out of the Island.

Residential qualifications

• 82% of adult residents were a-h locally qualified.

• 16% were not locally qualified (12,729) and 2% were j-category qualified.

Households

• There were 44,700 private dwellings in Jersey, of which 3,100 (7%) were vacant on census day.

• Average of 2.31 people per household; 2.46 bedrooms per household on average.

• 5% of households were overcrowded and 26% under-occupied (using the "bedroom standard").

• 15% of non-qualified households were overcrowded.

SUMMARY

Recent arrivals (arrived after 2005)

• Place of birth of all recent arrivals (including children) was broken down as follows:

• 40% from British Isles

• 15% from Poland

• 14% from Portugal or Madeira

• 5% from Jersey

• 11% from other European countries

• 13% from Elsewhere in the world.

• Of the 10,380 adult recent arrivals, two-thirds (67%) were non-locally qualified.

• The majority (58%) of adult recent arrivals were under the age of 35.

• Economic activity rate of recent arrivals was 90% (adults of working age).

• Over two-fifths (43%) of recent arrivals had a higher-level academic qualification.

Employment

• 82% of the working age population were economically active.

• In March 2011 the International Labour Organisation (ILO) unemployment rate was 4.7%, corresponding to 2,570 persons.

• ILO youth unemployment rate was 14.3%.

• ILO unemployment rate for Jersey-born was 6.2%; non-Jersey born was 3.7%.

• Four-fifths of unemployed were locally qualified (a-h).

• Half of unemployed persons were not registered as unemployed and actively seeking work.

Education

• A fifth of adults had no formal educational qualifications (compared to a third in 2001).

• A fifth had a qualification at or above degree level.

• Three-fifths of Portuguese and Madeiran born adults had no formal educational qualifications.

• More than three-quarters of unemployed persons had some form of educational qualification.

Transport

• There were 62,460 cars/vans for use by private households.

• On average there were 1.5 cars/vans per household.

• The number of motorcycles has doubled since the 2001 census.

• A sixth (16%) of private households did not have access to a car/van.

• A third (30%) of households in St Helier did not have access to a car/van.

• 56% of adults travelled to work by car, a quarter walked, 4% used the bus and 4% cycled.

• Bus use varied by parish – highest in St Clement (8%), lowest in Trinity (2%).

• More than two-thirds (68%) of workers worked in St Helier.

The total resident population of Jersey on 27 March 2011 was 97,857. This figure:

includes 6,061 residents of Jersey who were absent from the Island on census day; and excludes 2,052 short-term visitors to the Island who were present on census day.

Persons staying, or intending to stay, in Jersey for over a month were counted as residents on census day. Short-term visitors included everyone else, i.e. those spending less than a month in the Island.

Change over time

The 2001 census reported a resident population of 87,186. The change in the census measures of the Island's resident population between 2001 and 2011 may be broken down as shown in Table 1.1.

When comparing the figures for 2001 and 2011 it should be noted that the 2001 measure did not include the  "undercount"  in  the  total  resident  population,  following  international  practice  at  the  time; (the undercount is the small proportion of households and people from whom a census return was not received). The 2011 census has adopted an approach which includes the undercount in the measure of the total resident population.

Table 1.1: Contribution to change between 2001 and 2011 census measures

Numbers are rounded to the nearest 100 to reflect the accuracy of the undercount and migration estimates

Contribution

to change

2001 undercount (revised - see Notes, Appendix B)  1,600 Natural growth (excess of births over deaths)  2,300 Net migration (into the Island)  6,800 Total change in census measures 2001 – 2011  10,700

Figure 1.1: Resident population 1951 – 2011

100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0

1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

The resident population increased by 9,100 between 2001 and 2011 (including  the  undercount  in  both censuses),  corresponding  to  an increase of 10% over 10 years.

The resident population of Jersey has been increasing during the last 60 years (see Figure 1.1).

CHAPTER 1 – TOTAL POPULATION

Population by parish

Table 1.2 shows the distribution of the population by parish. St Helier accounted for over a third (34%) of the total population of Jersey in 2011, followed by St Saviour (14%) and St Brelade (11%). The smallest parish in terms of population size was St Mary.

Table 1.2: Population and population density by parish

Particularly large increases in population between 2001 and 2011 were seen for St Helier (18%), St Peter (17%), Trinity (16%) and St Lawrence (15%). Small increases in population during this decade were seen in Grouville (3%), St Brelade (4%) and St Martin (4%).

Figure 1.2 below shows the pattern of population density across Jersey. Figure 1.2: Population density in Jersey by parish

100 persons   23,800 persons per km2   per km2

Age and gender

Figure 2.1 illustrates the number of people by age group and gender. Figure 2.1: The population structure of Jersey

95+ 90 - 94 85 - 89 80 - 84 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5 - 9

1 - 4

0 5,000

5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000

Number of people

There were fewer than 20 people aged 100 years or over in Jersey on census day, the majority of whom were females.

Working age

As Table 2.1 shows, 64,353 people were of working age (defined as 16 to 64 inclusive for men, and 16 to 59 inclusive for women).

The dependency ratio for Jersey (the ratio of those outside of working age to those of working age) was 52%; this ratio is similar to that of 2001.

Table 2.1: Working age population of Jersey

Males   Females   All

Under 16 yrs  8,227  7,986  16,213

Working age  33,636  30,717  64,353

Above working age*  6,433  10,858  17,291

Total  48,296  49,561  97,857

Dependency ratio  44%  61%  52%

Percent at working age  70%  62%  66% *above 59 years for women, above 64 years for men

Figure 2.2 shows the dependency ratio for the period 1931 to 2011 as measured by the Jersey censuses. For each year, the definition of "working age" is that in effect at the particular time1.

For the period 1931 to 2011 the average dependency ratio was 53%. The dependency ratio peaked in 1971 due to the ageing of the resident population; however this effect was offset by the inward migration of working age residents between 1971 and 1986, reducing the dependency ratio to 47% in 1991. The increase recorded in 1996 was largely due to the change in school leaving age which increased from 15 to 16 years in 1992.

Figure 2.2: Dependency ratio 1931–2011 (percent), as measured by the census

80% 70% 60% 50%

40% 30%

1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

*change in school leaving age between 1991 and 1996 censuses

1 The appropriate school leaving age in place at the time is applied when calculating the number of "working age" residents.  Although the number of working age residents has increased between 2001 and 2011, this has been at a similar rate to the numbers of those outside of working age. The percentage of the population who are of working age has remained fairly stable: 66% in 2011 compared with 65% in 2001.

Figure 2.3 displays the change in each age group over the last 10 years. While there has been a small increase in the number of under 16s, the number of people of working age has increased by 13% and the number of people above working age has increased by nearly a fifth (19%).

Figure 2.3: Working age population, 2001 and 2011 compared

2001

2011

0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000

< 16 years working age above working age

Place of birth

In 2011, half (50%) of Jersey residents were born in Jersey. Nearly a third (31%) were born in the British Isles (including England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and other Channel Islands). About one in fourteen (7%) of the resident population were born in Portugal / Madeira and 3% were born in Poland.

Table 2.2: Jersey's population by place of birth

Persons  Percent Jersey  48,653  50

British Isles  30,223  31 Portugal / Madeira  7,031  7 Poland  3,133  3 Ireland (Republic)  1,880  2 Other European country  3,146  3 Elsewhere in the world  3,791  4 Total  97,857  100

Focussing just on the group who reported being born in an other European country' or elsewhere in the world', the top 10 most frequent countries of birth for this group are shown in Table 2.3.

A more comprehensive table of place of birth can be found in Appendix C.

Table 2.3: Place of birth in other European country' or elsewhere in the world';

top ten most frequently cited countries

Place of birth  Persons France  857

South Africa  571 Romania  463 Germany  356 India  325 Australia  303 Italy  230 Thailand  215 U.S.A.  193 Canada  177

As  Figure  2.4  illustrates, the  number  of  Jersey  residents  who  were  born  in  Jersey  has  increased throughout the last three decades. At a lower level, the number of Jersey residents who were born in Portugal / Madeira has also been increasing over the same time period.

Figure 2.4: Place of birth of Jersey residents over the last three decades

- as measured by censuses

60,000

40,000

20,000

0

Jersey British Isles Portugal/ Madeira  France Elsewhere*

* For comparative purposes, all other countries have been grouped together

Despite the ongoing increase in the number of Jersey-born residents, as a r esult of the concurrent increases in non-Jersey born residents the proportion of Jersey-born residents has declined over the last three decades (see Table 2.4).

Table 2.4: Place of birth of Jersey residents over the last three decades

- as measured by censuses (percent)

1981  1991  2001  2011 Jersey  53  52  53  50 British Isles  37  37  34  31 Portugal / Madeira  3  4  6  7 France  2  1  1  1 Elsewhere*  5  6  7  11 Total  100  100  100  100

* For comparative purposes, all other countries have been grouped together

Chapter 1 provided a breakdown of the increase of 9,100 residents between 2001 and 2011 (including the undercount in both census measures). Net inward migration was the main factor, accounting for 6,800 of the intercensal change. Figure 2.5 breaks down this total net migration by place of birth.

Net migration

Figure 2.5: Net migration, 2001 to 2011 by place of birth.

(net inward migration is above the axis, net outward migration below)

Numbers are rounded to the nearest 100 to reflect the accuracy of these estimates.

8,000

6,000 4,000 2,000 0 -2,000 -4,000 -6,000

*EU Accession (2004): Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia; Cyprus and Malta; and Enlargement (2007): Bulgaria, Romania.

**EU/EEA (2001 definition): Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland.

As can be seen from Figure 2.5, people born in countries which had recently joined the European Union were the largest contributor to the total net inward migration between 2001 and 2011. People born in Poland accounted for 3,100 of the total net migration from such countries.

Figure 2.6 illustrates the arrivals into Jersey since 1980 by place of birth (see Appendix C for data table).

It  should  be not ed that  the  numbers  presented  represent  those  arriving  in  a g iven  year,  and  still remaining in the Island by census day 2011. Therefore the increased number of arrivals into Jersey in more recent years will include short-term residents who have recently entered the Island temporarily and have not yet left.

However, the long-term trends are apparent; for example Portuguese-born arrivals have remained fairly stable over the previous 20 years. The increase in the number of Polish-born residents arriving in the previous decade is also notable, reaching a peak towards the middle of the decade.

The increased numbers of residents arriving from "Other European countries" and "Elsewhere in the world" during the latter half of the last decade is also apparent.

Figure 2.6: Year of arrival in Jersey by place of birth, 1980-2010

(excluding those born in Jersey and continuously resident since birth)

1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0

Ethnicity

While place of birth is informative, a person's self-reported ethnicity can give a different perspective. For example, someone born outside of Jersey who has lived in the Island for many years might consider themselves of Jersey' ethnicity. On the other hand, someone else born in Jersey but with parents from outside of the Island may consider their parental or cultural heritage to be the key influence in defining their ethnicity.

The 2011 census asked residents of Jersey to identify which ethnic category they felt best described themselves. Fewer than half (46%) of Jersey residents considered their ethnicity to be Jersey', whilst another third (33%) considered themselves to be British'.

About one in twelve (8%) Jersey residents considered themselves to be Portuguese or Madeiran, representing about a thousand more people than those who were actually born in Portugal or Madeira.

See Table 2.5 for a breakdown of the ethnicity of Jersey residents in 2011 and 2001. Table 2.5: Ethnicity of Jersey residents, 2011 and 2001

Change 2011  Percent  2001  2001 to 2011

Jersey  45,379  46.4  44,589  +790 British  31,974  32.7  30,317  +1,657

Irish  2,324  2.4  2,284  +40 White  French  841  0.9  1,522  -681 Portuguese / Madeiran  8,049  8.2  5,548  +2,501

Polish  3,273  3.3

1,980  +5,024 Other  3,731  3.8

Indian  377  0.4  120  +257

Pakistani  53  0.1  21  +32

Bangladeshi  74  0.1  31  +43 Asian

Chinese  182  0.2  145  +37 Thai  200  0.2

8  +521 Other  329  0.3

Caribbean  85  0.1  33  +52 Black  African  256  0.3  151  +105

Other  38  0.0  71  -33

Asian  274  0.3

Caribbean  102  0.1

Mixed  366  +326

African  105  0.1

Other  211  0.2

Residential qualifications

Only people over the age of 15 years are eligible to have residential qualifications, and so this section refers to the 81,644 residents of Jersey on census day who were aged 16 or over.

Table 2.6: Residential qualifications of residents on 27 March 2011

Over four-fifths (82%) of adults were residentially qualified in categories "a to h", which includes those born in the Island and those who have been in the Island for a certain length of time. An additional 2% were "j-category" residents who have residential qualifications based on their employment. A  small number (247) of residents classed themselves as having "k-category" residential qualifications.

Approximately one in eight adults (13%) had no residential qualifications (see Table 2.6).

Comparison  with  2001 s hould  take  into  account  that  the  question  format  was  simplified  in  2011. Nevertheless, the increase in the proportion of the population with residential qualifications (from 77% in 2001 to 82% in 2011) is likely a consequence of the reduction in the qualification period from 19 years in 2001 to 10 years by 2011.

Table 2.7 provides the breakdown of each residential category by place of birth. It shows for example that the majority of j-category residents were born in the British Isles. The majority of residents born in Poland have no residential qualifications.

Table 2.7: Residential qualifications of islanders by place of birth

Other  Elsewhere British  Portugal European  in the

Jersey  Isles  Ireland  Poland  /Madeira  country  world  All a to h category  34,920  22,760  1,460  130  4,400  1,560  1,640  66,850  

j category  ~  1,280  40  20  ~  100  370  1,820 k category  ~  210  ~  ~  ~  10  10  250

Spouse of

10  1,310  60  70  70  170  470  2,150 qualified person

No residential

40  3,190  290  2,780  2,210  1,170  900  10,580 qualifications

Total  34,980  28,740  1,840  2,990  6,680  3,010  3,390  81,640

~ indicates a value less than 10. All other numbers have been independently rounded to the nearest 10.

Length of residence

Table 2.8 shows the number of residents by their year of arrival in Jersey. It should be noted that the numbers represent those arriving in the Island in each year and remaining in Jersey, and will not include any who have since left the Island.

In 2011, over 70% of residents had lived in the Island for more than 10 years.

Further detail of the place of birth, age, gender and residential qualifications by year of arrival can be found in Appendix C.

Table 2.8: Number of residents by year that their current period of residence in Jersey began

*not including those born in Jersey and continuously resident since birth – but including returning Jersey-borns.

Recent arrivals

People whose most recent period of residence in Jersey began after 2005 are considered for the purposes of this bulletin to be recent arrivals'. This section describes the characteristics of this group who arrived in Jersey during the five years prior to census day.

Two-fifths (40%) of recent arrivals were born in the British Isles – see Table 2.9. Similar proportions of recent arrivals, around one in seven, were born in Poland (15%) or Portugal / Madeira (14%) whilst one in twenty (5%) were born in Jersey and 2% were born in Ireland. The remainder were born in other European countries (11%) or elsewhere in the world (13%).

Table 2.9: Place of birth of recent arrivals, 2006 to 2011

Persons  Percent Jersey  593  5

British Isles  4,877  40 Portugal / Madeira  1,631  14 Poland  1,817  15 Ireland (Republic)  270  2 Other European country  1,339  11 Elsewhere in the world  1,540  13 Total  12,067  100

Two-thirds (67%) of the recent arrivals do not hold residential qualifications. About 10% of recently arrived adults were a-h qualified and 12% were j-category qualified.

Table 2.10: Residential qualifications of recent arrivals 2006 to 2011 (aged 16 or over)

Persons  Percent a to h category  1,088  10

j category  1,225  12 k category  54  1 Spouse of qualified person  1,106  11 No residential qualifications  6,904  67 Total  10,377  100

Figure 2.7 shows the profile by age and gender of recent arrivals, showing that the majority (64%) are aged below 35 years, with slightly more males (6,234) than females (5,833) overall.

Figure 2.7: Age and gender profile of recent arrivals

(those whose period of continuous residence in Jersey began after 2005)

1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0

Marital Status

In 2011, nearly half (48%) of adults in Jersey were either married or remarried. A further one in ten (10%) were divorced, whilst around a third (34%) had never married.

Table 2.11: Marital status of Jersey adults (aged 16 years or over)

Persons  Percent Married  32,614  40

Remarried  6,415  8 Separated  1,953  2 Divorced  8,221  10 Widowed  4,759  6 Never married  27,682  34 Total  81,644  100

Figure 2.8 illustrates the age profile of marital status.

Figure 2.8: Marital status by age (years) of Jersey residents

9,000

Widowed 8,000

Divorced 7,000 Separated

6,000 Remarried

Married 5,000

Never married 4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

0

Age (years)

Marital status - changes over time

The proportion of adults who are married has been declining over the last several decades, whilst the number divorced (and not remarried) has increased from 21 per 1,000 adult population in 1971 to 101 per 1,000 population in 2011 (see Table 2.12).

Table 2.12: Marital status2 per 1,000 adult population 1971 – 2011

1971   1981   1991   2001   2011

Married  643  597  531  439  399 Remarried  79  79 Separated  23  27  24 Married, remarried or separated  643  597  554  545  502 Divorced  21  40  54  84  101 Widowed  92  88  77  70  58 Never married  244  275  315  301  339

Same-sex couples

Whilst same-sex couples were not yet recognised as being legally married in Jersey at the time of the 2011 census, the results show 219 couples of the same sex who were living as couples in March 2011, corresponding to 438 people, about 0.4% of Jersey's total resident population.

2 Prior to 2001, re-married' was included in the married' category; prior to 1991, separated' was included in married'

Dwellings

The 2011 census identified 44,698 private dwellings3 and 157 communal establishments in Jersey.  

Vacant dwellings

One in fourteen (7%) of all private dwellings were vacant on census day – a total of 3,103 dwellings. Table 3.1: Number of private dwellings and vacant dwellings, by parish

Table 3.1 provides the number of total private dwellings in each parish, the number of vacant dwellings, and the vacant rate. St Helier had the highest number of vacant dwellings (1,397), whilst St Peter had the highest proportion of vacant dwellings, with a vacant rate of 9%.

As Table 3.2 shows, the majority of vacant dwellings were flats (63%) and over a third (37%) were houses.

3Private dwellings as measured by the census are not necessarily separate physical dwellings; in the census separate dwellings were identified where the occupants shared a living space and a cooking area and may not necessarily correspond to a dwelling

with a separate entrance. For example, a lodger in a private household was counted as living in a separate dwelling if there was a separate living space and cooking facilities for their own use.

Table 3.2: Vacant dwellings by property type

Property type  Number  Percent Detached  646  21

House  Semi-detached  273  9 Terraced  222  7

Purpose built block  802  26 Flat  Part of converted house  897  29 In a commercial building  245  8

Semi-permanent structure4 e.g. Portakabin  18  1 All vacant dwellings  3,103  100

Two-fifths (41%) of vacant dwellings had one  bedroom and over a quarter (28%) had two bedrooms (Table 3.3).

Table 3.3: Vacant dwellings by number of bedrooms

Number of bedrooms  Percent One  41

Two  28 Three  19 Four or more  12 100

Although there was no requirement for householders to give reasons for properties being vacant, some reasons were provided for around half of properties listed as vacant.

Table 3.4 presents the most cited reasons for vacant properties for which data was provided. Over a quarter (29%) were vacant due to being between tenants, and nearly a quarter (23%) were second or holiday homes. Around one in five were in the process of being built or renovated.

Table 3.4: Vacant dwellings by reason  

Reason for vacancy  Percent Between tenants  29

Second / holiday home  23 Property being built or renovated  18 For sale  10 Resident deceased  6 Resident in care home  5 Owner away long term  3 Other reason  6 100

4 Mobile or temporary structures such as boats, tents or mobile homes were only enumerated if they were occupied on census day; therefore any vacant structures of this type would not be included as vacant dwellings. Only semi-permanent structures

such as PortakabinsTM were enumerated if found to be vacant.

Persons and bedrooms per dwelling

Excluding those people living in communal establishments, 95,974 persons were living in 41,595 private dwellings in 2011, representing an average of 2.31 persons per dwelling. This ratio has been declining over the last four decades, as can be seen in Figure 3.1.

Figure 3.1: The decline in the number of persons per private dwelling over the last four decades

4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0

1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

St Helier had the lowest number of persons per dwelling whilst the country parishes such as St Mary and Trinity had, on average, a higher number of persons per dwelling (see Table 3.5). These differences should be considered alongside information on the size of the dwelling. The mean number of bedrooms is also provided in Table 3.5, and shows that St Helier dwellings had, on average, fewer than 2 bedrooms per dwelling, whilst St John and St Mary dwellings had, on average more than 3 bedrooms per dwelling.

Table 3.5: Number of occupied private dwellings,

persons per dwelling and bedrooms per dwelling in 2011

The number of bedrooms by tenure is shown in Table 3.6. Over four-fifths (82%) of all dwellings had one, two or three bedrooms. The majority of rental accommodation had either one or two bedrooms with nearly two-thirds (62%) of non-qualified accommodation having one bedroom. In contrast, almost seven out of ten (69%) of owner-occupier households had three or more bedrooms.

Table 3.6: Number of bedrooms in private dwellings by tenure, percent

Tenure  One  Two  Three  Four  Five or more  Total Owner-occupied  9  22  41  20  8  100

Qualified rent  39  33  19  6  2  100 States, housing trust or parish

44  33  20  3  ~  100 rent

Non-qualified accommodation  62  23  10  3  2  100 All households  27  26  30  13  5  100

Overcrowding and under-occupation

One in twenty (5%) of all occupied dwellings could be classed as overcrowded', that is, they had fewer bedrooms than the number required by the Bedroom Standard'5 (a measure of over-crowding). This

measure of overcrowding rose to 15% in non-qualified accommodation, see Table 3.7.

Table 3.7: Overcrowding and under-occupation by tenure, percent

+ One or more bedrooms below standard

* Two or more bedrooms above standard

Around one in two hundred (0.5%) Jersey households have at least two fewer bedrooms than they require by the Bedroom Standard.

Around a quarter (26%) of households were under-occupying their accommodation, that is they had at least  two  bedrooms  more than they  needed as  measured  by  the  Bedroom  Standard. The rate of under-occupation was highest for owner-occupied households (42%).

Due to definitional changes, it is not possible to compare this measure of overcrowding with previous censuses.

5 The Bedroom Standard' (UK Housing Overcrowding Bill, 2003) defines the number of bedrooms that would be required by the household, where a separate bedroom is allowed for each married or cohabiting couple, any adults aged 21 or over, pairs of

adolescents aged 10-20 of the same sex and pairs of children under 10 years. Unpaired persons of 10-20 years are notionally paired with a child under 10 of the same sex.

Property types

Table  3.8  provides  a  breakdown  of  the  types  of  dwellings  in  Jersey  (excluding  vacant  dwellings). A quarter (26%) were detached houses; slightly more (28%) were flats in purpose-built blocks. There were 152 temporary structures such as tents, boats or portakabins occupied on census night.

Comparison with 2001 shows an increase in the proportion of flats in purpose-built blocks. There has been a decrease in the proportion of houses, in particular detached houses, since 2001.

Table 3.8: Property types in 2011 and 2001, excluding vacant properties

Household tenure

The census asked householders to identify the tenure by which they occupied their dwelling. Table 3.9 compares the household tenure distribution in 2011 with that of 20016.

There has been a slight increase in the proportion of households who own the property that they occupy, from 51% in 2001 to 54% in 2011. On the other hand, the proportion of qualified rental properties has slightly reduced, from just over a fifth (22%) in 2001 to just under a fifth (19%) in 2011.

Table 3.9: Household tenure in 2011 and 2001, excluding vacants

6 Differences in the question format between 2001 and 2011 do not allow a more detailed comparison for all tenures. The proportion of dwellings which are owner-occupied is higher in the UK (68%7) and Guernsey (62% of the local market, 67% of the open market8) than in Jersey (54%). A breakdown of tenure by parish can be found in Appendix C.

Table 3.10 shows the number of private households occupying each type of property by tenure. Table 3.10: Household tenure by property type in 2011

~ indicates a value less than 10. All other numbers have been independently rounded to the nearest 10.

Certain property types were more likely to be in a particular tenure category, as shown in Table 3.11.

The majority of non-qualified accommodation consisted of flats or apartments; more than twice as many States, housing trust or parish rental properties were flats or apartments compared to houses.

Table 3.11: Household tenure by property type in 2011, percent

Temporary  

Tenure  House  Flat  structure  All Owner-occupied   43   11   ~   54

States, housing trust or parish rent   4   10   0   14 Qualified private rent   7   12   ~   19 Non-qualified accommodation   2   11  ~   13 All   56  44  ~  100

Household composition

Each private household was categorised into a hous ehold composition, according to the number of residents and their age and relationships. Comparison with 2001 (see Table 3.12) indicates a slight decrease in adult couple' households (18% in 2001 down to 16% in 2011) and a corresponding increase in single adult' households (16% in 2001 up t o 18% in 2011). The proportion of single parent families increased slightly from 7% to 8%, whilst the proportion of two parent families decreased slightly from 27% to 26% over the last decade.

7 UK figure for 2008/09, published in "Housing and Planning Statistics 2010", www.communities.gov.uk. 8 Guernsey in Figures, 2011, States of Guernsey Policy and Research Unit

Table 3.12: Household composition, 2011 and 2001 compared

* for comparison purposes, 2001 data was re-categorised according to the household type definitions used in 2011.  

Over two-fifths (44%) of single parent with dependent children' households were living in States, housing trust or parish rental; over a quarter (28%) were living in owner-occupied accommodation. In contrast, over  four-fifths  (82%)  of  households  with  two  or  more  pensioners  lived  in  owner-occupied accommodation.

Table 3.13: Household composition by tenure of accommodation, percent

States,

housing  Non-

Owner- trust or  Qualified  qualified  All Household composition  Occupied  parish rent  rent  accom.  tenures

Single adult  33  12  30  24  100 Couple (adult)  51  4  23  22  100 Single parent (with dependent children)  28  44  19  8  100 Single parent (all children 16 years or above)  51  33  13  4  100 Couple with dependent children  59  10  17  13  100 Couple with children (all children 16 years or above) 73  13  10  4  100 Couple (one pensioner)  75  9  12  4  100 Single pensioner  57  28  12  2  100 Two or more pensioners  82  9  7  2  100 Two or more unrelated persons  36  2  33  29  100 Other  55  7  21  17  100

All private dwellings  54  14  19  13  100

Communal establishments

The 2011 census identified 157 communal establishments, 31 of which were vacant on census day (the majority of vacant communal establishments being hotels closed for the winter season). A total of 1,883 residents were living in communal establishments on census day. The number of people living in each establishment type is given in Table 3.14.

Table 3.14: Residents of communal establishments, 2011

Visitors (people staying less than one month in Jersey) have not been included

*NB Guest houses with capacity for fewer than 10 visitors were classified as private dwellings.

Economic activity

On census day 82% (52,522 persons) of the working age population were economically active. The proportion of economically active is unchanged from that measured by the 2001 census.

Table 4.1: Economic activity for all adults (aged 16 or over) and for the working age population

All adults (aged 16 or over)  Working age (16-59 / 64 yrs)

Males  Females  Total  Males  Females  Total

Economically active

Working for an employer full-time  22,242  16,507  38,749  22,055  15,930  37,985 Working for an employer part-time  1,326  6,393  7,719  1,070  5,535  6,605 Self-employed, employing others  2,216  552  2,768  2,069  481  2,550 Self-employed, not employing others  2,359  875  3,234  2,112  736  2,848

Unemployed, looking for or waiting

1,546  1,023  2,569  1,542  992  2,534 to take up a job

Total active  29,689  25,350  55,039  28,848  23,674  52,522 Economically inactive

Retired  6,306  8,006  14,312  818  315  1,133 Looking after the home  180  4,357  4,537  159  3,113  3,272 In full-time education  2,081  2,210  4,291  2,081  2,208  4,289 Unable to work: sickness or disability  1,359  1,186  2,545  1,290  983  2,273 Unemployed, not looking for a job  454  466  920  440  424  864 Total inactive  10,380  16,225  26,605  4,788  7,043  11,831

Overall totals  40,069  41,575  81,644  33,636  30,717  64,353

Over three-quarters (77%) of working age women were economically active (ie. working or looking for work), a slightly higher rate than that recorded by the 2001 census (76%).

There were 51,866 workers living in private households in Jersey, which corresponds to an average of 1.25 workers per private household.

There were 31,125 households with at least one worker in the household. On average these households had 1.67 workers per household.

Almost one in six (15%) adults over working age (ie. over 59 years for women and over 64 years for men) were economically active.

Of the economically inactive working age population, over a third (36%) were in full-time education; one in five (19%) were unable to work due to sickness or disability and one in ten (10%) were retired. More than two-fifths (44%) of economically inactive women of working age were looking after the home, compared with 3% of men.

Economic activity rates for people of working age (see Table 4.2) were lowest for Jersey-born residents (75%) and highest for those born in Poland (94%). The economic activity rate for Jersey-born residents of

working age was lower than the rates of those born in other jurisdictions predominantly as a result of the number of Jersey-born people in full-time education (see Appendix C, Table A15).

Table 4.2: Economic activity and unemployment rates9 by place of birth

(working age adults, percent)

Other  Elsewhere British  Portugal  European  in the

Jersey Isles Ireland Poland / Madeira country world Economic activity rate  75  85  88  94  90  88  83

Unemployment rate  6.4  3.7  3.1  2.9  4.2  4.9  4.4

For all adults aged 16 or over, the economic activity rate has remained stable over the last two decades at 67% (see Table 4.3). The rate for women has increased substantially over the last 50 years.

Table 4.3: Long term economic activity rates by gender, 1961-2011 (adults aged 16 or over)

1961  1971  1981  1991  1996  2001  2011 Males  86  84  80  79  77  76  74

Females  37  44  49  56  58  60  61 All  60  63  64  67  67  67  67

The female economic activity rate for adults aged 16 or over Jersey was 61% in 2011, a rate higher than that most recently recorded for the UK10 (57%).

ILO unemployment rate

Jersey's ILO unemployment rate was 4.7% on 27 March 2011, corresponding to 2,569 persons; this figure represents all unemployed adults aged 16 or over (rather than working age adults) as a proportion of all economically active adults and is an internationally comparable measure since the definition of working age can vary by jurisdiction. The corresponding figure for the UK11 was 7.7% and 9.4% for EU countries12 (see Figure 4.1).

Figure 4.1: ILO unemployed rates for selected EU countries (March 2011, percent)

Spain Ireland

France Italy

United Kingdom Germany Luxembourg Jersey

0 5 10 15 20 25

The ILO unemployment rate for Jersey-born residents was 6.2% and for non-Jersey born 3.7%. The youth unemployment rate (for 16-24 year-olds) was 14.3% in Jersey, compared with 19.7% in the UK.

9 Unemployment rates have been derived from Table A15 in Appendix C and are for adults of working age rather than the ILO definition (all adults aged 16 or over).

10 Source: Office for National Statistics Labour Force Survey data Feb-April 2011.

11 Source: ONS Labour Market Statistics data March-May 2011.

12 Source:Eurostat, (figures are seasonally adjusted).

Unemployment

On 27 March 2011, 2,534 adults of working age were unemployed and looking for work; two-fifths were women (992) and three-fifths were men (1,542).

Of the unemployed persons of working age, four-fifths (81%) had a-h category residential qualifications, and a fifth (19%) were not locally qualified. Of the non-locally qualified, 15% were the spouse of a locally qualified person.

Almost half (49%) of unemployed people had been resident in Jersey since birth and in addition more than a quarter (28%) had arrived in Jersey prior to 2000. Almost one in ten (9%) unemployed people had been  resident  in  Jersey  for  less  than  15  months,  having  arrived  in  Jersey  in  2010  or  2011  (see Appendix C, Table A16).

Over half (52%) of unemployed persons were born in Jersey and around a quarter (26%) were born in the British Isles (see Table 4.4).

Table 4.4: Unemployed (and looking for work) by place of birth, working age adults

Persons  Percent Jersey  1,310  52 British Isles  657  26 Portugal / Madeira  239  9 Poland  80  3 Ireland (Republic)  39  2 Other European country  101  4 Elsewhere in the world  108  4 Total  2,534  100

The number of people registered as unemployed and ac tively seeking work (ASW) with the Social Security Department on 31 March 2011 was 1,310. This number indicates that around half (48%) of the total number of unemployed people recorded by the census were not registered as unemployed. The proportion of unemployed people who were registered varied by age category (see Figure 4.2).

Figure 4.2: Unemployed by age as measured by the census and registered unemployed

450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0

16 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50 - 54 55 - 59 60 - 64

There were 428 unemployed people aged 20-24, of whom fewer than half (201) were registered as unemployed. Over three-quarters (78%) of unemployed 16-19 year olds were registered as unemployed.  Unemployed people aged 30-34 were the least likely to be registered; around a third (36%) of this group were registered.

Occupation

Occupations were categorised into nine major groups using the Standard Occupational Classification13 (see Table 4.5). Occupation groups can be further divided into 25 s ub-groups; a detailed table by sub-sector can be found in Appendix C (Table A18).

Around one in seven (15%) working adults were engaged in Administrative and secretarial occupations and a similar proportion (15%) were engaged in Professional occupations.

Table 4.5: Major occupation group of working adults (of working age)

Certain occupations were dominated by particular genders as shown in Figure 4.3. For example, males accounted for 94% of those employed in Skilled trades and for two-thirds (66%) of Managers, directors and senior officials.

Figure 4.3: Major occupation group of working adults (of working age) by gender

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000

Managers, directors & senior officials Professional

Associate professional & technical Administrative & secretarial

Skilled trades Caring, leisure & other service Sales & customer service

Process, plant & machine operatives Elementary occupations

13 An updated Standard Occupational Classification system (SOC2010) has been implemented for the 2011 census. The 2001 census used the SOC2000 coding system. For comparative purposes, a table of 2011 data using the SOC2000 classification

used in the 2001 census can be found in Appendix C.

In contrast, women accounted for around four-fifths of those engaged in Caring, leisure and other service occupations (83%) and in Administrative and secretarial occupations (78%).

Table 4.6 presents occupation by place of birth. Jersey-born people accounted for the largest proportions of workers in Associate professional & technical and Administrative & secretarial occupations.

Almost half of Managers, directors & senior officials and Professionals working in the Island were born in the British Isles (excluding Jersey).

Table 4.6: Occupation group of working age adults by place of birth (percentages)

Other  Elsewhere Occupation  British  Portugal  European  in the

Jersey  Isles  Ireland  Poland  / Madeira  country  world  Total Managers, directors &  2,227  2,878  207  110  289  227  301  6,239

senior officials

Professional  2,668  3,483  202  62  59  203  593  7,270 Associate professional &  3,216  2,766  176  112  117  205  342  6,934

technical

Administrative &  3,694  2,622  225  257  231  221  276  7,526 secretarial

Skilled trades  2,777  2,071  160  431  999  290  228  6,956 Caring, leisure & other  1,479  1,145  86  159  492  146  137  3,644

service

Sales & customer service  1,052  615  48  262  642  120  143  2,882 Process, plant & machine  887  655  52  169  441  52  48  2,304

operatives

Elementary occupations  1,311  808  82  1,157  2,125  487  263  6,233 Total  19,311  17,043  1,238  2,719  5,395  1,951  2,331  49,988

Around two-fifths of workers born in Poland (43%) and in Portugal / Madeira (39%) were engaged in Elementary occupations.

Two-fifths (40%) of residents born Elsewhere in the world' (outside of Europe) worked in Professional or Associate professional / technical occupations and one in eight (13%) were Managers, directors or senior officials.

Occupational groups are presented in Table 4.7 broken down by residential qualifications. Over half (52%) of j and k category working age adults were engaged in Professional occupations and a quarter (24%) were Managers, directors & senior officials.

Nearly a third (30%) of non-residentially qualified working adults (excluding spouses of qualified persons) were engaged in Elementary occupations and a sixth (17%) were working in Skilled trades.

Table 4.7: Occupation group of working age adults by residential qualifications (percent)

Spouse of Occupation  a to h  j and k  qualified

category  category  person  None Managers, directors & senior officials  13  24  12  7

Professional  14  52  23  7 Associate professional & technical  15  15  19  9 Administrative & secretarial  17  4  15  10 Skilled trades  14  2  8  17 Caring, leisure & other service  8  1  7  6 Sales & customer service  5  ~  6  9 Process, plant & machine operatives  5  ~  2  4 Elementary occupations  9  ~  8  30 Total  100  100  100  100

~ denotes non-zero percentage less than 0.5

Public and Private sectors

Over four-fifths (85%) of workers reported that they were employed in the private sector, the remainder (15%) reported working in the public sector.

Managers,  directors  and  senior  officials  made  up  a l arger  proportion  (14%)  of  the  private  sector compared to the public sector (4%, see Table 4.8). Over a third (34%) of public sector employees were engaged in Professional occupations compared to around one in ten (11%) in the private sector.

Table 4.8: Occupation of working age adults in the public and private sectors (percent)

Public  Private Occupation

sector   sector Managers, directors & senior officials  4  14

Professional  34  11 Associate professional & technical  15  14 Administrative & secretarial  14  15 Skilled trades  3  16 Caring, leisure & other service  16  6 Sales & customer service  1  7 Process, plant & machine operatives  2  5 Elementary occupations  9  13 Total  100  100

Industry

Industries in which people were employed were categorised using the 2002 Jersey Standard Industrial Classification (JSIC)14 into ten sectors15 (Table 4.9).

Table 4.9: Industrial sector of working age adults, 2011

Sector  Persons  Percent Agriculture and fishing  1,866  4

Manufacturing  1,042  2 Construction  5,143  10 Electricity, gas and water supply  504  1 Wholesale and retail trades  6,853  14 Hotels, restaurants & bars  3,759  8 Transport, storage and communication  2,506  5 Financial and legal activities  12,444  25 Miscellaneous business activities  3,602  7 Education, health and other services  12,269  25 All  49,988  100

A  quarter  (25%)  of  working  age  adults  were  employed  in  Financial  and  legal  activities;  a  similar proportion (25%) worked in Education, health and other services (public and private sectors).

Employment industry by place of birth is shown in Table 4.10 below. Table 4.10: Industrial sector by place of birth, working age adults

Other  Elsewhere British  Portugal  European  in the

Sector  Jersey  Isles  Ireland  Poland  / Madeira  country  world  All Agriculture and fishing  490  220  10  570  490  60  30  1,870

Manufacturing  550  290  20  50  90  40  20  1,040 Construction  1,960  1,910  170  260  650  100  100  5,140

Electricity, gas and water

250  210  ~  ~  10  ~  10  500 supply

Wholesale and retail trades  2,520  1,810  110  630  1,260  230  300  6,850 Hotels, restaurants & bars  380  730  80  630  1,000  640  310  3,760

Transport, storage and

1,220  840  50  50  170  90  80  2,510 communication

Financial and legal activities  5,450  5,060  440  200  180  370  740  12,440 Miscellaneous business

1,220  1,190  60  110  730  120  180  3,600 activities

Education, health and other

5,280  4,790  290  220  840  300  550  12,270 services

All  19,310  17,040  1,240  2,720  5,400  1,950  2,330  49,990

~ indicates a value less than 10. All other numbers have been independently rounded to the nearest 10.

14 The 2001 census used the 1995 JSIC. Comparison is still possible since there were only minor changes between the 1995 and 2002 versions of JSIC.

15 Public sector employees are categorised by activity into the appropriate sectors.

Around  half  (46%)  of  Polish-born  workers  were  employed  in  Wholesale  and r etail  or  in  Hotels, restaurants and bars and a fifth (21%) were engaged in Agriculture and fishing.

A third of workers from Elsewhere in the world' worked in Finance and legal activities.

Hours worked

Working adults were asked to provide the number of hours per week that they usually worked in their main job, excluding meal breaks and overtime.

For the purposes of this section of the report, part-time workers have been defined as those working 25 hours or less per week.

Table 4.11: Mean number of hours worked per week by gender,

- for employees and the self-employed (working age)

Full-time  Part-time  Full- and Part- time Males  Females  All  Males  Females  All  Males  Females  All

Working for an employer  40.6  37.4  39.2  17.7  18.5  18.4  39.7  33.6  36.8 Self-employed  45.8  43.2  45.4  17.4  15.7  16.5  43.3  34.0  41.2

The average number of hours worked by employees (excluding the self-employed) was 36.8 hours per week (Table 4.11). Full-time employees worked 39.2 hours per week, a figure similar to that recorded by the 2001 census (39.5 hours).

On average, women working for an employer worked 33.6 hours per week, compared with 39.7 hours per week for men. This difference is largely due to more women working part-time (20%) than men (4%). A similar pattern was seen for the self-employed, with a t hird (33%) of self-employed women working part-time compared with one in ten (9%) self-employed men.

Table 4.12 presents the mean number of hours worked by full-time workers by industry. Workers in Agriculture and fishing worked the longest hours, averaging over 45 hours per week.

Table 4.12: Mean hours worked by industry

(excluding part-time workers, including the self-employed, working age)

Mean hours worked per

Industry  week Agriculture and fishing  45.4

Manufacturing  40.8 Construction  41.9 Electricity, gas and water supply  38.6 Wholesale and retail trades  40.3 Hotels, restaurants & bars  43.6 Transport, storage and communication  40.2 Financial and legal activities  37.6 Miscellaneous business activities  40.4 Education, health and other services  38.6 All full-time workers  39.8

Recent arrivals

As  Table  4.13  shows  below,  there  were  10,032  recent  arrivals16  of  working  age,  of  whom  8,982 (corresponding to 90%) were economically active.

Table 4.13: Economic status of recent arrivals to Jersey (working age adults)

Persons  Percent

Economically active

Working for an employer full-time  7,497  75 Working for an employer part-time  753  8 Self-employed, employing others  79  1 Self-employed, not employing others  223  2

Unemployed, looking for or waiting

430  4 to take up a job

Economically inactive

Retired  76  1 Looking after the home  548  5 In full-time education  229  2 Unable to work: sickness or disability  61  1 Unemployed, not looking for a job  136  1 Overall total  10,032  100

16 For the purposes of this report, people whose most recent period of residence in Jersey began after 2005 are considered to be "recent arrivals".

Highest attained educational qualification

Adults aged 16 or over were asked to provide information on all educational qualifications attained at varying levels. This report focuses on the highest level of qualification attained for working age adults (aged between 16-59 years for women and between 16-64 years for men).

Qualification  categories  presented  in  this  report  include  qualifications  of  equivalent  level  (see  Notes, Appendix B). Qualifications that could not be categorised into an equivalent, for example some professional and foreign17 qualifications, are included in the other qualification' category.

As Table 5.1 shows, a fifth (20%) of working-age adults had degree-level (or equivalent) qualifications. A similar proportion (20%) had no formal qualifications, a higher proportion than in the UK18 (12%).

Table 5.1: Highest level of educational qualification, working age population

Highest qualification (or equivalent)  Persons  Percent Higher education at or above degree-level  12,731  20

Higher education below degree-level  8,865  14 2 or more A-Levels  5,886  9 1 A-Level or 2 AS-Levels  3,410  5 5 or more GCSEs grade A*-C  8,177  13 GCSEs (any grade)  11,407  18 Other qualification  1,283  2 No formal qualifications  12,594  20 All  64,353  100

Table 5.2 presents educational qualifications grouped into broader categories so that comparison can be made  with  the  2001 c ensus19.  The  Higher  education'  category  relates  to  all  post-secondary  level

education and includes higher level diplomas and first or higher degrees.

Table 5.2: Highest level of educational qualification for 2011 and 2001 (working age)