Report on the 2021 Jersey Census.

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The 2021 Jersey Census took place on Sunday 21 March 2021. The ten-yearly census provides  the  most  reliable  estimate  of  the  Jersey  population  whilst  giving  a comprehensive snapshot of the characteristics (such as education and country of birth) of  Islanders.  It  also  gives  the  most  complete  information  on  the  housing  in  which Islanders live.

By compiling the individual responses to the census, Statistics Jersey has been able to produce a rich dataset which can be used to hold a mirror to life in Jersey in 2021. This report is the amalgamation of the six census bulletins that were published by Statistics Jersey between April and August 2022 and also includes additional analyses not included in these initial bulletins.

Much work has gone into producing this report. Statistics Jersey researched the most appropriate questions to include in the census – we added new questions on long-term health  and  illness  alongside  voluntary  questions  on  sexual  orientation  and  gender identity. The content of the census was approved by the States Assembly.

The 2021 Census was run during the Covid-19 pandemic; the detailed notes remind readers of the restrictions in place at the time of the census. Additional measures were put in place to protect the health and safety of Islanders and the census office and field staff during this period.

A great deal of work went into ensuring the completeness and accuracy of the census data.  This  included  Collection  Officers  following  up  non-responding  households  for several months after Census Day. There was also a detailed data checking and validation process carried out by the census office team.

I would like to thank the Islanders for their amazing response to the census – 99.5% of households completed the census, which is incredibly high in world terms (Statistics Jersey have adjusted for the missing half percent). I would also like to thank the Statistics Jersey team who worked flat out to deliver this successful census, and to our temporary office and field staff who supported Islanders.

The 2021 Census questionnaires and online returns have been transferred to the Jersey Archive where they will be stored safely and securely before being released after 100 years for use by future family historians.

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Introduction  7 Summary  8

Chapter 1: Total Population  11

Change over time  11

Net migration  12 Net migration by place of birth  12 Net migration by age  12 Net migration by age and place of birth  13

Population by parish  15

Chapter 2: Population by age and sex  17

Average age  17 Age structure  18 Age and sex structure  19 Age structure by parish  20

Chapter 3: Population characteristics  21

Place of birth  21 Ethnicity  23 Residential / employment status  24 Length of residence  25

Marital and civil status  28 Marital and civil status - changes over time  31

Sexual orientation  32 Gender identity  33

Chapter 4: Households and housing  34

Dwellings  34 Vacant dwellings  34

Persons and bedrooms per dwelling  36 Overcrowding and under-occupation  38 Property types  40 Household tenure  42 Household structure  44 Communal establishments  46

Chapter 5: Health characteristics  47

Self-assessed general health  47 Longstanding physical or mental health conditions or illnesses  49 Activity limiting health condition or illness  49

Chapter 6: Employment  52

Economic activity  52 Economic activity: adults aged 16 and over  53 Economic activity: adults aged 16 to 64  54

Unemployment  54 Unemployment (adults aged 16 to 64)  54 Registered unemployment  55 ILO unemployment rate  56 Not in employment, education or training (NEET)  56

Occupation  57 Public and Private sector  60 Industry  61 Hours worked in main job  62 Hours worked in additional jobs  63 Recent arrivals  64

Chapter 7: Education  65

Highest attained educational qualification  65 Educational qualifications by age and sex  67 Educational qualifications by place of birth and residential status  68 Educational qualifications by occupation and industry  70 Educational qualifications of the unemployed  72 Educational qualifications of recent arrivals  74

Chapter 8: Transport  76

Number of cars, vans and motorcycles  76 Households without access to a car or van  78 Travel to work  80 Destination of travel to work  81 Working from home  82

Notes  83 Definitions  87 Appendix – Detailed data tables  91 Census paper questionnaire  134

About the census

Jersey's Census was held on Sunday 21 March 2021. It is carried out every 10 years and gives us the most accurate and up-to-date estimate of Jersey's population. It helps to build a detailed picture of Jersey, who we are as a community and how we live together.

The 2021 Jersey Census was the first to take place under the Statistics and Census (Jersey) Law 2018[1]. The law appoints Statistics Jersey as the legal entity to run the Jersey Census and ensures its independence. It also ensures that all information collected in the census is protected and kept strictly confidential.

The entire census project was carried out on-Island and in-house, with processing of census forms and data entry carried out by the Jersey Census Office team. All data cleansing and analysis was undertaken by Statistics Jersey.

New questions were introduced for the 2021 Census on general health and long-standing conditions, as well as new voluntary questions on sexual orientation and gender identity.

Census forms could be returned by post or completed online. This was the first census in Jersey to offer online completion and almost a third (31%) of responses were submitted online. Around 33,000 paper questionnaires were received and processed by the Census Office.

To maximise the quality of the census data, a comprehensive process of data cleansing and quality assurance was carried out. This included the use of administrative data sources to assess the completeness and accuracy of the data. These measures give us high confidence in the accuracy of the census results (see notes).

The 2021 Census achieved a high response rate of 99.5%. The overall population number and all other census figures throughout this report include the undercount (the small number of people who did not complete a census form). All users of Jersey's census data can therefore work from a single set of comprehensive census figures.

Covid-19 context

The 2021 Census took place during the Covid-19 pandemic. At the time of the 2021 Census, Jersey had several restrictions in place in respect of travel, commerce and social events. There was a government recommendation to work from home where possible. This context should therefore be considered when interpreting census results,

particularly in respect of economic activity and mode of travel to work. See the notes for further details of Covid-19 restrictions and their impacts.

Further information

Queries and information requests should be directed to Statistics Jersey (statistics@gov.je). For further information visit www.gov.je/census where you can also find historic census reports dating back to 1821. Detailed data tables from the 2021 Census can be viewed and downloaded on the Government of Jersey Open Data site.

Census Managers: Kim Guegan and Graeme Sproats

7

Total population

• The total resident population of Jersey on 21 March 2021 was 103,267

• The increase of 5,400 from the 2011 census was due to:

• natural growth (excess of births minus deaths): 2,100 persons

• net inward migration: 3,300

• The population density was 859 persons per km[1]

Parish populations

• Just over a third (35%) of the total population lived in St Helier

• The smallest parish population was St Mary (2% of the population)

• St Helier had the highest population density (3,716 persons per km2), Trinity the lowest (267 per km2)

Age and sex structure

• The average age of residents was 42.3 years

• The dependency ratio2 was 52%, an increase from 46% in 2011

• The number of people aged 65 and over increased by over a quarter (29%) since 2011

• Females accounted for 51% of the population

Place of birth

• Half (50%) of Jersey residents were born in Jersey

• 29,598 (29%) residents were born in the British Isles

• 8,280 (8%) residents were born in Portugal/Madeira

• 2,808 (3%) residents were born in Poland

Recent arrivals (arrived after 2015)

• There were 10,040 recent arrivals (including children), their places of birth were:

• 41% from the British Isles

• 21% from Elsewhere in the world

• 13% from Portugal/Madeira

• 12% from other European country

• 6% from Poland

• 5% from Jersey

• 53% of recent arrivals had Registered' residential status

• 54% of recent arrivals were below 35 years of age, lower than that reported in the 2011 Census (64%)

Marital and civil status

• 45% of adults aged 16 or over were either married or re-married, slightly lower than in 2011 (48%)

• 11% of adults were divorced, similar to 2011

• 35% of adults had never married, similar to 2011

• 805 adults (0.9%) were in civil partnerships

Gender identity and sexual orientation (voluntary questions)

• 87% of adults identified as straight or heterosexual, 2% identified as either gay, lesbian or bisexual

• 189 adults reported that their gender was not the same as the sex they were registered at birth

Households

• There were 48,610 private dwellings on Census Day, an increase of 9% since 2011

• There were 4,027 vacant dwellings on Census Day, corresponding to a vacant rate of 8.3%

• There were 2.27 persons per household on average, and 2.47 bedrooms per occupied dwelling

• 4.0% of households were overcrowded' and 26.4% were under-occupied' (using the bedroom standard')

• Just over half (55%) of occupied dwellings were houses, and just under half (44%) were flats

• The number of households in qualified accommodation increased by 12%, whilst those in non-qualified accommodation decreased by 25% since 2011

Health

• 85% of the population rated their health as very good' or good'

• Around 1 in 5 people (21%) reported having a longstanding physical or mental health condition or illness

• Of those with a longstanding condition, 50% said it limited their daily activities a little' and a further 24% said it affected their activities a lot'

Employment

• 84% of the population aged 16 to 64 were economically active

• The International Labour Organisation (ILO) unemployment rate for Jersey was 3.5% (2,058 persons)

• The ILO rate for Jersey-born residents was 4.3%, compared to 2.9% for those born outside of Jersey

• Fewer than half (45%) of unemployed adults aged 16-64 were registered as actively seeking work

• The ILO youth unemployment rate was 8.9%

• The proportion of young people (aged 16-24) not in employment, education or training (NEET) was 8.2%

Education

• Two-fifths (42%) of adults aged 16-64 had a higher-level qualification at or above degree-level

• One in seven (15%) adults aged 16-64 had no formal qualifications (compared to 20% in 2011)

• Just over half (54%) of adults aged 16-64 born in Portugal/Madeira had no formal qualifications

Transport

• There were 68,219 cars / vans for use by private households

• On average there were 1.53 cars / vans per household

• A sixth (16%) of private households did not have access to a car or van

• Nearly a third (30%) of households in St Helier did not have a car or van

• 52% of workers travelled to work by car, 23% walked, 4% used the bus and 4% cycled

• One in seven (14%) workers worked from home, compared with 6% in 2011 (an increase of 148%)

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The total resident population of Jersey on 21 March 2021 was 103,267.

This figure:

includes 2,205 residents of Jersey who were absent from the Island on Census Day; and excludes 480 short-term visitors to the Island who were present on Census Day.

At the time of the 2021 Census, Jersey had several restrictions in place in respect of travel, commerce and social events as a result of the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. Please see the notes for further details of these restrictions.

The effects of the travel restrictions are apparent; the number of short-term visitors (480) is around a quarter of that recorded at the 2011 Census (2,052). The number of Jersey residents absent from the Island on Census Day 2021 was around a third of that recorded at the 2011 Census (2,205 persons compared with 6,061 respectively).

Change over time

The 2011 Census reported a resident population of 97,857. The change in the census measures of the Island's resident population between 2011 and 2021 is broken down in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1: Contribution to change between 2011 and 2021 census measures Numbers are rounded to the nearest 100 to reflect the accuracy of these estimates

Contribution to change Natural growth (excess of births over deaths)  2,100

Net migration (into the Island)  3,300

Total change in census measures 2011 – 2021  5,400

Figure 1.1: Resident population 1951 - 2021 The resident population increased

by 5,400 between 2011 and 2021,

100,000

corresponding to an

increase of 5.5% over 10 years.  80,000

The resident population of Jersey  60,000

has been increasing over the

last 70 years (see Figure 1.1).  40,000

20,000

0

1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021

Net migration

Net migration can be estimated by comparing the structure of the 2021 Census population to the expected structure that would have resulted from the 2011 census had no migration taken place. The expected population is modelled by ageing on the 2011 Census population by 10 years and incorporating known numbers of births and deaths[1] that have occurred over the intervening period.

Net migration by place of birth

Figure 1.2: Net migration by place of birth, 2001 to 2011 and 2011 to 2021

(net inward migration is above the axis, net outward migration below)

Numbers are rounded to the nearest 100 to reflect the accuracy of these estimates.

2001 to 2011 2011 to 2021 6,800

4,100

3,500 3,300

2,600

1,900 1,900

800 1,500 1,400

0 400

EU Acc. & British Isles Portugal / Jersey Elsewhere in Elsewhere in Total net enlargement (inc. Madeira Europe world migration

Poland)*

-3,600

-4,100

*EU Accession (2004): Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia; Cyprus and Malta; and Enlargement (2007): Bulgaria, Romania.

Between 2011 and 2021 there was total net migration of 3,300 people into Jersey. This has reduced from the figure of 6,800 that was observed in the previous census period (2001 to 2011).

In the most recent 10-year period, there was substantially reduced net migration from EU Accession countries (in particular from Poland) and small increases were observed in migration from elsewhere in Europe and the rest of the world. Migration from the British Isles was the largest positive contributor to overall net migration, while there was a net loss of 3,600 Jersey-born individuals.

The Appendix Table A4 provides more detail on the year of arrival of residents by place of birth.

Net migration by age

Ages shown in the following charts relate to age at the time of the 2021 Census and do not correspond with age at the time of immigration or emigration. It is important to consider this context when interpreting these charts, as a peak at a certain age does not correspond directly to a peak in migration of individuals at that age.

Rather, it indicates that the migration patterns over the last 10 years have resulted in a change in the number of individuals of that age present in the 2021 population compared to the 2011 population[1].

Figure 1.3: Total net migration, by age at time of 2021 Census

800

600

400

Net inward 200 migration

0

Net outward -200 migration

-400

0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75+

Adults of working age were the largest contributor towards net inward migration in the last 10 years, with the greatest levels of inward migration occurring for adults aged 30 to 39 years. In contrast there was net outward migration for adults aged 60+ years over the period.

Net migration by age and place of birth

Breaking down net migration estimates by both age and place of birth shows that migration patterns vary by country of birth.

Migration of Jersey-born residents has been predominantly outward across all age groups over the decade 2011 to 2021 (Figure 1.4). Adults aged 20-34 were the largest contributor towards net outward migration, which likely corresponds to Jersey-born individuals leaving the Island after school or university, or subsequently in their early twenties.

Children aged 0-14 years also contributed to net outward migration. This is likely to be children of non-Jersey-born parents, who have collectively left the Island.

Figure 1.4: Net migration of Jersey-born residents, by age at time of 2021 Census

500

300 Net inward

migration

100

-100

Net outward -300 migration

-500

-700

-900

-1,100

0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75+

There was net inward migration of British-born individuals across all age groups up to the age of 59 years. This largely comprised working-age households with and without children moving to the Island. In contrast, there was net outward migration for adults 60 years and over (see Figure 1.5).

Figure 1.5: Net migration of British-born residents, by age at time of 2021 Census

500

300 Net inward

100 migration -100 Net outward -300 migration -500

0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75+

For other countries of birth there was a fairly consistent pattern of net inward migration, with adults of working age being the largest contributors. A noticeably different pattern of migration was seen for those born in Poland, with a net outward migration of adults aged 35-44 over that period (see Figure 1.6). This reflects the substantially reduced net migration from EU Accession countries into Jersey over the 10-year period.

Figure 1.6: Net migration by place of birth for selected countries, by age at time of 2021 Census

Population by parish

Table 1.2 shows the distribution of the population by parish. St Helier accounted for over a third (35%) of the total population of Jersey in 2021, followed by St Saviour (13%) and St Brelade (11%). The smallest parish in terms of population size was St Mary.

Table 1.2: Population and population density by parish

The  greatest  percentage  changes  in  population  between  2011  and  2021  were  seen  for   Grouville  (11%), St Clement (8%) and St Helier (7%). Notably small increases in population during this decade were seen in St Saviour (2%), St Ouen (3%) and St Lawrence (3%).

Jersey's population density was 859 persons per km2 (equivalent to 6 people to an area the size of a football pitch). Figure 1.7 shows the pattern of population density across Jersey.

Figure 1.7: Population density in Jersey

Persons per km2

Population density varied by parish; St Helier was the most densely populated (3,716 residents per km2), whilst Trinity was the least densely populated (267 residents per km2).

Jersey's population density (859 persons per km2) was lower than that of Guernsey[2] (998 people per km2). The population density of Jersey's most densely populated parish (St Helier, 3,716 residents per km2) was almost a quarter greater than that of Guernsey's (St Peter Port, 3,015 residents per km2). See Annex table A3.

The population density of England and Wales[3] was 395 people per km2 (434 residents per km2 in England and 150 residents per km2 in Wales). In England there were large regional variations, ranging from 5,598 residents per km2 in London to 239 residents per km2 in the South West. For comparison with Jersey, it is more informative to compare with local authority areas, which ranged from 15,695 persons per km2 in Tower Hamlets (in London) to 26 residents per km2 in Eden (in the North West of England). Jersey's population density was similar to that of Burnley (855 persons per km2, which ranked 151st out of the 331 local authority areas).

Average age

The mean average age of Jersey residents was 42.3 years, the median average was 43 years. Female residents had a slightly greater median age (44 years) than male residents (42 years).

Figure 2.1 presents median age from 1931 to 2021 as measured by the census. At the 1931 Census, the median age was 32 years. By 1961 this had increased to 37 years due to the ageing of the resident population. This effect was subsequently offset by the inward migration of working-age residents between 1971 and 1986, reducing the median age to 34 years in the 1976 and 1981 censuses. Since that time median age in Jersey has continued to increase due to the ageing of the population; in the latest 10-year period the median age increased from 40 years to 43 years.

Figure 2.1: Median age from 1931 to 2021 as measured by the census (years)

45 43

40

40 38

37

36 36

35 35 35

34 34

35

32

30

25

20

1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021

Jersey's median age (43 years) was greater than that of England and Wales (40 years)[1] and lower than that of Guernsey (44 years)[2].

Age structure

As Table 2.1 shows, 68,055 people were aged between 16 and 64 years of age. This is consistent with the OECD definition of working age' which provides an internationally comparable measure of potential workforce size.

The dependency ratio for Jersey (the ratio of those outside of working age to those of working age) was 52%; this ratio has increased from 46% in 2011.

Table 2.1: Working age population of Jersey (where working age is 16-64 years)

Males   Females   All

Under 16 years  8,340  8,136  16,476 16-64 years (working age)  34,132  33,923  68,055 65+  8,531  10,205  18,736 Total  51,003  52,264  103,267 Dependency ratio  49%  54%  52% Percent at working age  67%  65%  66%

Figure 2.2 shows the change in each age group over the last 10 years. The number of residents aged 16-64 was essentially unchanged between 2011 and 2021 (increasing by 1%), whilst the number of people aged 65 and over increased by over a quarter (29%). Adults aged 65 and over accounted for 15% of the population in 2011 and 18% of the population in 2021.

Figure 2.2: Working age population, 2011 and 2021 compared

< 16 years 16-64 years (working age) 65+ years

2011 16,213  67,171  14,473 2021 16,476  68,055  18,736

0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000

Age and sex structure

Figure 2.3 illustrates the number of people by age group and sex. Just over half (51%) of Jersey's population were female.

Figure 2.3: The population structure of Jersey

Males Females Age (years)

54 187

95+

242

479 90 - 94 85 - 89

658 976

80 - 84 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14

5 - 9

1 - 4

0

5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000

Number of people

There were 25 people aged 100 years or over at the time of the census, the majority of whom were female.

Age structure by parish

Figure 2.4 shows the age structure of the population in each of Jersey's parishes. St. Helier 's population had the youngest median average age (40 years), whilst St. Peter and St Brelade had the oldest (48 years). The greater median age of populations in St Peter and St Brelade were influenced by residential homes for the elderly sited within those parishes. See Annex table A2 for detailed breakdown of age and sex by parish.

Figure 2.4: Age structure (percentages) and median age (years) by parish

Under 16 years 16-64 years 65 years and over Median age St Peter 15 60 26 48

St Brelade 15 61 24 48 Grouville 17 60 23 47

St Martin 16 63 21 47

St John 16 63 20 46

St Lawrence 17 63 20 46

St Ouen 17 63 20 46

St Mary 17 63 20 45

St Clement 18 63 19 44 Trinity 18 63 18 43

St Saviour 18 65 17 41

St Helier 14 72 14 40

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Comparison with other jurisdictions

The age structure of Jersey's population was broadly similar to that of Guernsey and England & Wales, however there were some notable differences:

• Jersey had a slightly greater proportion of adults aged 16-64 years (66%) than both Guernsey (64%) and England & Wales (64%).

• Jersey had the lowest proportion (18%) of adults aged 65 and over, whilst Guernsey had the highest proportion (21%).

Jersey's dependency ratio[1] (52%) was lower than that of England & Wales (56%) and Guernsey (57%)

Figure 2.5: Age structure for Jersey, England & Wales and Guernsey (2021 Censuses)

Under 16 years 16 to 64 years 65 and over

Jersey England & Wales Guernsey

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Place of birth

In 2021, half (50%) of Jersey residents were born in Jersey. Nearly a third (29%) were born in the British Isles[2], 8% were born in Portugal / Madeira and 3% were born in Poland.

Table 3.1: Jersey's population by place of birth

Persons  Percent  Change 2011-2021

Jersey  51,274  50  +2,621 British Isles  29,598  29  -625 Portugal / Madeira  8,280  8  +1,249 Poland  2,808  3  -325 Ireland (Republic)  1,642  2  -238 France  733  1  -124 Other European country  3,493  3  +1,204 Elsewhere in the world  5,439  5  +,1,648 Total  103,267  100  5,410

Of the people who reported being born in an other European country' or elsewhere in the world', the top 10 most frequent countries of birth are shown in Table 3.2. The largest change was seen for people born in Romania which increased by 875 people since 2011. See Appendix A4 for a more comprehensive table of place of birth.

Table 3.2: Place of birth in other European country' or elsewhere in the world': most frequently cited countries

Place of birth  Persons  Change 2011-2021

Romania

South Africa

India

The Philippines Germany

Zimbabwe

Venezuela

Australia

Thailand

United States of America

1,338  +875 934  +363 410  +85 396  +228 371  +15 350  +221 345  +185 296  -7 267  +52 227  +34

Changes over time

As Figure 3.1 illustrates, the number of Jersey residents who were born in Jersey has increased throughout the last four decades. Although at a lower level, the number of Jersey residents who were born in Portugal / Madeira has also been increasing over the same time period.

In the last two decades there has been an increase in the number of Jersey residents who were born in other European countries. In the latest 10-year period this was largely due to an increase in people born in Romania, whilst in the 10 years to 2011 the increase was predominantly driven by people born in Poland.

Figure 3.1: Place of birth of Jersey residents over the last four decades, as measured by census 60,000

1981 1991 2001 2011 2021

40,000 20,000 0

Jersey British Isles Ireland France Portugal/ Other Elsewhere

Madeira European

country*

*Includes Poland so that comparisons with previous census data can be made

The proportion of Jersey-born residents (50%) was essentially unchanged in the latest 10-year period (see Table 3.3).

Over the last four decades the proportion of Jersey-born residents has declined, despite the ongoing increase in the number of Jersey-born residents. This is a result of concurrent increases in non-Jersey born residents.

Table 3.3: Place of birth of Jersey residents over the last four decades, as measured by census

(percent, rounded to the nearest integer)

1981  1991  2001  2011  2021

Jersey  53  52  53  50  50 British Isles  37  37  34  31  29 Portugal / Madeira  3  4  6  7  8 France  2  1  1  1  1 Elsewhere  5  6  7  11  13 Total  100  100  100  100  100

Ethnicity

While place of birth is informative, a person's self-reported ethnicity can give a different perspective. For example, someone born outside of Jersey who has lived in the Island for many years might consider themselves of Jersey' ethnicity. On the other hand, someone else born in Jersey but with parents from outside of the Island may consider their parental or cultural heritage to be the key influence in defining their ethnicity.

The 2021 Census asked residents of Jersey to identify which ethnic category they felt best described themselves. Fewer than half (44%) of Jersey residents considered their ethnicity to be Jersey', whilst almost a third considered themselves to be British'.

About one in eleven (9%) Jersey residents considered themselves to be Portuguese or Madeiran: representing almost 1,500 more people than those who were born in Portugal or Madeira.

See Table 3.4 for a breakdown of the ethnicity of Jersey residents in 2021 and 2011. Table 3.4: Ethnicity of Jersey residents, 2021 and 2011

Change 2021  Percent  2011  2011-2021

Jersey  45,849  44.4  45,379  +470 British  31,534  30.5  31,974  -440

Irish  2,199  2.1  2,324  -125 French  692  0.7  841  -149

White  Polish  3,080  3.0  3,273  -193

Portuguese / Madeiran  9,739  9.4  8,049  +1,690 Romanian*  1,427  1.4  454  +973 South African*  716  0.7  326  +390 Other  3,737  3.6  2,951  +786 Indian  632  0.6  377  +255 Thai  267  0.3  200  +67

Asian

Chinese  190  0.2  182  +8

Other  853  0.8  456  +397

African  764  0.7  256  +508 Black  Caribbean  145  0.1  85  +60

Other  66  0.1  38  +28

Black and White  449  0.4

Mixed  White and Asian  503  0.5  692  +685

Other**  425  0.4

*These were not listed as separate options on the 2011 form and were contained in the "other white" write-in option **Includes the Mixed – Asian and Black' category (approximately 10 people)

Residential / employment status

Only people over the age of 15 years are eligible to have a residential / employment status, and consequently this section refers to the 86,791 residents who were aged 16 or over on Census Day.

Over four-fifths (86%) of adults had Entitled status, meaning they had lived in Jersey for at least 10 years, could buy, lease or sell any property and work for any employer. A further 2% had Licensed status through being essentially employed.

Some 6% of adults were Entitled for work, meaning they had lived in Jersey for 5 years immediately before their status was granted[1], were restricted in buying and leasing property but could work for any employer.

Approximately one in twenty adults (5%) had Registered status and therefore did not qualify under any of the other categories (see Table 3.5).

Table 3.5: Residential / employment status of residents

Persons   Percent Entitled  74,681  86

Licenced  2,106  2 Entitled for work  5,454  6 Registered  4,550  5 Total  86,791  100

Changes in residential housing qualifications were implemented in July 2013 under the Control of Housing and Work (Jersey) Law 2012[2]. Hence, direct comparison between the categories in place at the 2011 Census is not possible, however comparison can be made between the broader categories.

In 2011, 16% of the adult population did not have residential housing qualifications. The proportion of adults with the equivalent status in 2021 has decreased to 11% (people either Registered or Entitled for work).

Table 3.6 provides the breakdown of each residential category by place of birth. It shows for example that the majority of Licensed residents were born in the British Isles. The majority of residents born in Poland and Portugal / Madeira had Entitled status (68% and 75% respectively).

The largest shift in residential status by place of birth in 2021 compared to 2011 was seen for residents born in Poland. In 2021 the majority (68%) had Entitled status, compared to 4% of adults with the equivalent status in 2011 ("locally qualified"[3]).

Table 3.6: Residential qualifications of adults by place of birth

Other

British  Portugal/ European  Elsewhere Jersey Isles Ireland Poland Madeira country in the world All

Entitled  37,300 23,360 1,450 1,850 6,010 2,060 2,660 74,680 Entitled for work  30 2,130 70 400 1,060 890 880 5,450 Licensed  ~ 1,150 40 20 60 170 670 2,110 Registered  30 1,470 50 470 920 860 760 4,550 Total  37,360 28,110 1,620 2,730 8,040 3,970 4,970 86,790

(Numbers have been independently rounded to the nearest 10. The symbol ~' indicates a value less than 10.)

Length of residence

Table 3.7 shows the number of residents by their year of arrival in Jersey. It should be noted that the numbers represent those arriving in the Island in each year and remaining in Jersey, and will not include any who have since left the Island. In 2021, three-quarters (75%) of residents had lived in the Island for more than 10 years.

Table 3.7: Number of residents by year that their current period of residence in Jersey began

Arrived  Whole

in Jersey*  Percent  population  Percent Prior to 1980  10,924 20%  30,174  29%

1980 - 1989  6,175 11%  11,642  11% 1990 - 1999  7,604 14%  14,471  14% 2000-2009  11,467 21%  19,320  19% 2010  1,172 2%  2,063  2% 2011  1,386 3%  2,278  2% 2012  1,128 2%  2,084  2% 2013  1,154 2%  2,048  2% 2014  1,300 2%  2,150  2% 2015  1,598 3%  2,504  2% 2016  1,576 3%  2,494  2% 2017  1,592 3%  2,441  2% 2018  1,922 4%  2,777  3% 2019  2,026 4%  2,864  3% 2020  2,289 4%  3,112  3% 2021 (up to 21 March)  635 1%  845  1% Total  53,948  100%  103,267  100%

*not including those born in Jersey and continuously resident since birth – but including returning Jersey-borns.

Further detail of place of birth, age, sex and residential qualifications by year of arrival can be found in the Appendix.

Recent arrivals

People whose most recent period of residence in Jersey began after 2015 are considered for the purposes of this report to be recent arrivals'. This section describes the characteristics of this group who arrived in Jersey during the five years prior to Census Day.

Two-fifths (41%) of recent arrivals were born in the British Isles – see Table 3.8. Around one in five (21%) were born Elsewhere in the world'.

Similar proportions of recent arrivals, around one in eight, were born in Portugal / Madeira (13%) or Other European countries' (12%).

Table 3.8: Place of birth of recent arrivals, 2016 to 2021 Persons   Percent

Jersey  453  5 British Isles  4,148  41 Portugal / Madeira  1,310  13 Poland  573  6 Ireland (Republic)  130  1 France  130  1 Other European country  1,198  12 Elsewhere in the world  2,098  21 Total  10,040  100

Around half (53%) of recent arrivals had Registered status (Table 3.9). Around 1,500 people with Licensed status (essential employees) had moved to Jersey in the five years prior to Census Day.

Table 3.9: Residential qualifications of recent arrivals 2016 to 2021 (aged 16 or over)

Persons   Percent

Entitled  1,058  12 Entitled for work  1,487  17 Licensed  1,499  18 Registered  4,500  53 Total  8,544  100

Figure 3.2 shows the age profile of recent arrivals at the 2011 and 2021 censuses. The reduction in the number of recent arrivals aged 20 to 34 years in 2021 compared with 2011 is apparent (down 35%). At the 2021 Census around half (54%) of recent arrivals were below 35 years, compared to almost two-thirds of recent arrivals (64%) at the 2011 Census.

Figure 3.2: Age profile of recent arrivals (within 5 years of census), 2011 and 2021 Censuses

2011 census 2021 census

 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500

 -

Marital and civil status

The marital status question was updated for the 2021 Census to enable civil partnerships to be recorded for the first time. Same-sex civil partnerships were legally recognised in Jersey in 2012[4] whilst same-sex marriages were introduced in 2018[5]. At the time of the 2021 Census, Jersey legislation did not permit opposite-sex civil partnerships to be registered in the Island.

Table 3.10 contains a full breakdown of marital and civil status of adults in Jersey at the 2021 Census. Table 3.10: Marital and civil status of Jersey adults (aged 16 years or over)

Persons Percent Married (including remarried)*  39,037  45.0

Never married  30,568  35.2 Divorced  9,462  10.9 Widowed (marriage)  4,824  5.6 Separated (marriage)  1,814  2.1 Registered civil partnership  805  0.9 Formerly in civil partnership now dissolved  123  0.1 Separated (civil partnership)  87  0.1 Surviving partner from civil partnership  71  0.1 Total  86,791  100

*Includes same-sex marriage

Nearly half (45%) of adults aged 16 or over in Jersey were married[6] (including same-sex marriages). This was slightly lower than the proportion recorded in 2011 (48%). A further one in ten adults (11%) were divorced, a similar proportion to that recorded in 2011 (10%).

At the 2021 Census just over a third (35%) of adults had never married, a similar proportion to that recorded in 2011 (34%).

A total of 805 adults reported being in a civil partnership at the time of the 2021 Census, representing 0.9% of the adult population.

Same-sex couples

Adults were not asked to specify whether their marriage or civil partnership was a same-sex or opposite-sex relationship. However, the proportion of people in same-sex relationships can be estimated from couples living in the same household. The analysis in this section focusses on relationships between the main householder and another member of the same household[7].

Around 0.4% of marriages to the main householder were same-sex marriages. Applying this proportion to all marriages gives an estimate of 0.2% of the adult population being in same-sex marriages.

The majority (78%) of civil partnerships to the main householder were between opposite-sex couples. As opposite- sex civil partnerships were not able to be legally registered in Jersey at the time of the census, this will comprise civil partnerships registered outside of Jersey and other types of civil unions available in other jurisdictions. The question was self-reported and therefore open to different cultural or legal interpretations depending on a person's cultural background. For example, de-facto non-marital unions are available to opposite-sex couples in Portugal who have lived together as a couple for two years or more[8]. This may be a reason for the large proportion of adults in opposite-sex civil partnerships who were born in Portugal; 45% were born in Portugal whilst 19% were born in Jersey. Similar proportions were born in the British Isles, Poland, and other European countries (each around 9%).

It is estimated[9] that people in opposite-sex civil partnerships represented around 0.7% of the adult population, whilst those in same-sex civil partnerships represented around 0.2%.

In total, there were 770 adults of the same sex who were living as couples (including co-habiting couples who were not married or in a civil partnership). This represents around 1% of Jersey's adult population. This is an increase on 2011 where 438 people were living as same-sex couples, or 0.5% of the adult population at the time.

Comparison with England & Wales Census

The proportion of adults who were never married (35%) in Jersey was slightly lower than in England and Wales (38%)20. The proportion married (45%) was also slightly lower than that for England and Wales (44%), whilst a slightly greater proportion of adults in Jersey were divorced (11% compared with 9% in England and Wales).

The proportion of adults in civil partnerships in Jersey (0.9%) was greater than that for England and Wales (0.2%).

The proportion of adults estimated to be in same-sex marriages (0.2% of adults) was similar to that for England and Wales (0.3%).

Marital and civil status by age

Figure 3.3 illustrates the age profile of marital status. The separated, divorced, and widowed categories include responses from both marriages and civil partnerships. See Appendix Table A6 for the rounded figures.

The 55-59 and 60-64 age groups had the largest proportion of divorced adults (both 19%).

Around one in nine adults (12%) aged 25-29 and a third (35%) of adults aged 30-34 years were married. These proportions have decreased from 2011 where almost a quarter (23%) of adults aged 25-29 years and two-fifths (43%) of adults aged 30-34 years were married.

Figure 3.3: Marital and civil status by age (years) of Jersey residents

Never married Married Civil partnership Separated Divorced / dissolved Widowed / surviving partner

9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0

16-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90-94 95+

Marital and civil status by sexual orientation

As shown in Figure 3.4 below, almost half (47%) of all adults who listed their sexual orientation as straight were married, a similar proportion to all adults (45%).

One in three (34%) adults who listed their sexual orientation as straight had never married or entered into a civil partnership. In contrast, two-thirds (67%) of adults who listed their sexual orientation as gay or lesbian and over three-quarters (77%) of those who were bisexual had never married or entered into a civil partnership. Similar proportions (71%) of adults who listed another sexual orientation had never married.

A quarter (25%) of adults who listed their sexual orientation as gay or lesbian were married or in a civil partnership. This a larger proportion than for adults whose sexual orientation was bisexual (12%) and adults who had another sexual orientation (14%).

Figure 3.4: Marital and civil status by sexual orientation for adults (aged 16 or over)

Never married Married Civil partnership Separated Divorced / dissolved Widowed

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

Straight Gay / lesbian Bisexual Other Prefer not to say All

Marital and civil status - changes over time

Figure 3.5 and Table 3.11 show that the proportion of adults who were married has been declining over the last fifty years, from 643 per 1,000 in 1971 to 471 per 1,000 in 2021. In contrast, the proportion of divorced (and not re- married) adults has increased from 21 per 1,000 population in 1971 to 109 per 1,000 population in 2021.

Figure 3.5: Marital status per 1,000 adult population 1971 – 2021

700

600

500

Married, re-married or separated 400

Never married

300

200

100 Divorced Widowed

0

1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021 *civil partnerships are not presented in this chart (13 per 1,000 adult population), first recorded in 2021.

Table 3.11: Marital status per 1,000 adult population 1971 – 2021

1971  1981  1991  2001  2011  2021 Mseaprarriaetde,dre21-married, or   643 597 554   545 502 471

Divorced  21  40  54  84  101  109 Widowed  92  88  77  70  58  56 Never married  244  275  315  301  339  352

Civil partnership (inc. dissolved,

13 separated or surviving partner)  

21 Prior to 2001, re-married' was included in the married' category; prior to 1991, separated' was included in married'. As a result, these categories have been grouped as married, re-married, or separated' for subsequent years to enable like for like comparison.

Sexual orientation

A question on sexual orientation was asked for the first time in the 2021 Census. The question was voluntary and only asked of adults aged 16 or over. Around one in ten adults (10.7%) chose not to answer this question.

The majority of adults (87%) stated that they identified as straight or heterosexual, whilst 2.0% identified as either gay, lesbian or bisexual. A further 0.2% of the adult population stated another sexual orientation.

The proportion of adults identifying as either lesbian, gay or bisexual in Jersey in 2021 (2.0%) was lower than that estimated for the UK in 2019[10] (2.7%).

Table 3.12: Sexual orientation, (adults aged 16 or over)

Persons  Percent Straight / heterosexual  75,513  87.0 Gay or lesbian  1,106  1.3 Bisexual  640  0.7 Another sexual orientation  203  0.2 Prefer not to say  9,329  10.7 All adults  86,791  100

Of the 203 adults reporting another sexual orientation', around three-quarters (151 people) provided further information; of which 28% specified pansexual, 26% specified asexual and 7% specified queer. The remaining 60 people (40%) reported other sexual orientations in numbers too few to report separately (see Appendix Table A9).

The proportion of adults identifying as either gay / lesbian, bisexual or another sexual orientation decreased with age; from 4.8% of 16-24 year-olds to 0.5% of adults aged 65 or over.

Figure 3.6 shows the breakdown of sexual orientation by age group. The proportion of adults identifying as bisexual reduced with age, from 2.7% for 16-24 year-olds to 0.4% of adults aged 65 and over. The proportion of adults identifying as gay or lesbian was greatest for 25-34 year-olds (2.0%) and reduced for subsequent age groups.

Figure 3.6: Sexual orientation, percentages of each age group

5%

0.6% Gay or lesbian Bisexual Other 4%

0.5%

3% 2.7%

1.4%

2% 0.6%

0.3%

1% 0.3%

0%

16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+

A greater proportion of females (1.0%) identified as bisexual than males (0.5%). In contrast, 1.6% of males identified as gay compared to 1.0% of females identifying as gay/lesbian (see Appendix Table A8 for counts).

Gender identity

A new question on gender identity was introduced for the 2021 Census. The question was voluntary and only asked of adults aged 16 or over. Around one in ten adults (9.2%) chose not to answer the question.

There were 189 adults (0.2% of the adult population) who reported that their gender was not the same as the sex they were registered at birth.

Table 3.13: Is your gender the same as the sex you were registered at birth? (adults aged 16 or over)

Persons  Percent Yes  78,576  90.5 No  189  0.2 Prefer not to say  8,026  9.2 All adults  86,791  100

The proportion of adults reporting that their gender was not the same as their registered sex at birth decreased with age; from 0.5% of 16-24 year-olds to 0.1% of adults aged 65 or over (see Figure 3.7). This proportion is likely affected by the proportion of adults choosing not to answer the question, which was greatest for adults aged 65 and over (10.5%) (see Appendix Table A10 for counts).

Figure 3.7 : Is your gender the same as the sex you were registered at birth? Percentage answering no', by age

0.5%

0.4%

0.2% 0.2%

0.2% 0.1%

0.1%

16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Total

Adults who reported that their gender was not the same as the sex they were registered at birth were able to specify their gender identity[11]. Almost half (97 people) provided information on their gender identity, of which a third (33%) identified as transgender women, around a quarter (25%) identified as transgender men and just over a quarter (29%) identified as non-binary gender (see Appendix Table A11).

Dwellings

The 2021 Census identified 48,610 private dwellings[12] and 162 communal establishments in Jersey.

The number of private dwellings in Jersey increased by 9% (3,912 dwellings) in the 10 years since the 2011 Census (which recorded 44,698 dwellings).

Vacant dwellings

Vacant private dwellings were identified in several ways, for example by householders contacting the Census Office, or being recorded by census field staff when visiting addresses that had not returned a census form (See Notes).

A total of 4,027 private dwellings were identified as vacant on Census Day, corresponding to a vacant rate of 8.3%.

Both the number and proportion of vacant properties has increased in 2021 compared to 2011. The 2011 Census recorded 3,103 vacant dwellings – a vacant rate of 6.9%.

St Helier had the highest number of vacant dwellings (1,741), whilst St Peter and St Brelade had the highest proportion of vacant dwellings, each with a vacant rate of 10%.

Table 4.1: Number of private dwellings, and vacant dwellings, by parish

There was no requirement for householders to give reasons for properties being vacant. However, information was provided for around half (47%) of dwellings listed as vacant at the time of the census (see Definitions for more information).

Table 4.2 presents the most cited reasons for properties being vacant. A quarter (26%) were vacant due to being built or renovated[13], a greater proportion than in 2011 (9%). Second / holiday homes (6%) and properties being between tenants (4%) were the next most cited reasons.

Table 4.2: Vacant dwellings by reason, 2011 and 2021

2011  2021  2021 number Reason for vacancy  percent  percent  of dwellings

Unknown  50  53  2,123 Property being built or renovated  9  26  1,062 Second / holiday home  11  6  235 Between tenants 14  4  177 Resident deceased  3  2  90 Resident in care home  3  2  80 Empty staff accommodation*  n/a  2  84 For sale  5  2  66 Owner away long term  2  1  51 Other reason*  3  1  59 All vacant dwellings  100  100  4,027

*"Empty staff accommodation" was included within "Other reasons" in 2011. Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding.

The majority of vacant dwellings were flats (64%) and over a third were houses (36%) (See Table 4.3). These were similar proportions to 2011 (63% flats and 37% houses).

Table 4.3: Vacant dwellings by property type

2011  2021  2021 number Property type  percent  percent  of dwellings

Detached  21  19  762 House  Semi-detached  9  11  442 Terraced  7  6  240

Purpose built block  26  37  1,500 Flat  Part of converted house  29  22  893 In a commercial building  8  4  179

Semi-permanent structure[14] e.g. Portakabin  1  0  11 All vacant dwellings  100  100  4,027

The proportion of vacant dwellings that were flats (64%) was greater than the proportion for occupied dwellings that were flats (44%).

Two-fifths (40%) of vacant dwellings had one bedroom, over a quarter (28%) had two bedrooms and around a fifth (19%) had three bedrooms (Table 4.4).These were similar proportions to 2011 (41% one-bedroom, 28% 2-bedroom and 19% three-bedroom dwellings).

The  proportion  of  one-bedroom  vacant  dwellings  (40%)  was  greater  than  that  for  occupied  one-bedroom dwellings (26%).

Table 4.4: Vacant dwellings by number of bedrooms

2011  2021  2021 number Number of bedrooms  percent  percent  of dwellings

One  41  40  1,626 Two  28  28  1,138 Three  19  19  773 Four or more  12  12  490 All vacant dwellings  100  100  4,027

Persons and bedrooms per dwelling

Excluding those living in communal establishments, 101,188 people were living in 44,583 dwellings in 2021, representing an average of 2.27 persons per dwelling. This ratio has been declining over the last five decades as can be seen in Figure 4.1.

Figure 4.1: Number of persons per private dwelling 1971 - 2021 4.0

3.0 2.0 1.0

0.0

1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021

Table 4.5 shows the number of persons and bedrooms per occupied dwelling, broken down by parish. Overall in Jersey there were 2.47 bedrooms per dwelling, which was essentially unchanged compared with 2011 (2.46 bedrooms per dwelling).

St Helier had the lowest number of persons per dwelling whilst the country parishes such as St Mary, St John, St Ouen and Trinity had, on average, a higher number of persons per dwelling. These differences should be considered alongside information on the size of the dwelling; St Helier dwellings had, on average, fewer than 2 bedrooms per dwelling, whilst St Mary dwellings had, on average just over 3 bedrooms per dwelling.

Table 4.5: Number of occupied private dwellings, persons per dwelling and bedrooms per dwelling in 2021

The number of bedrooms by tenure is shown in Table 4.6. Over four-fifths (82%) of dwellings had one, two or three bedrooms, essentially unchanged from 2011 (82%).

The majority of rental accommodation had either one or two bedrooms, with two-thirds (66%) of non-qualified accommodation having one bedroom. In contrast, almost seven out of ten (69%) owner-occupier households had three or more bedrooms.

Table 4.6: Number of bedrooms in occupied private dwellings by tenure, percent*

Tenure  One  Two  Three  Four  Five or more  Total  Owner occupied  9  22  39  21  8  100 Qualified rent  40  35  18  6  2  100 Social housing rent[15] 44  34  20  3  0  100 Non-qualified accommodation  66  22  9  2  1  100

All households  26  27  29  13  5  100

*Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding

Overcrowding and under-occupation

Using the Bedroom Standard'[16] measure of over-crowding, 1,783 households could be classed as overcrowded', having fewer bedrooms than required by the standard. This represents 4% of all households (see Table 4.7).

Around a quarter of households were under-occupying their accommodation (11,782 households). This means they had at least two bedrooms more than they needed, as measured by the Bedroom Standard. The majority of these (89%) were owner-occupier households.

It should be noted that the Bedroom Standard pairs people within households who could notionally share a bedroom (see footnote). Therefore, where households are under-occupying' their accommodation, it does not necessarily mean that bedrooms are unused in practice.

Table 4.7: Overcrowding and under-occupation by tenure

Compared with Bedroom Standard  

over- at  1 above  under-

Tenure  crowded+  standard  standard  occupied*  Total Owner occupied  347  4,589  8,400  10,534  23,870 Qualified rent  559  6,326  2,882  972  10,739 Social housing rent27 273  4,370  1,072  111  5,826 Non-qualified accommodation  604  2,879  500  165  4,148 All households  1,783  18,164  12,854  11,782  44,583

+ One or more bedrooms below standard

* Two or more bedrooms above standard

The proportion of households considered to be overcrowded' by the Bedroom Standard in 2011 and 2021 are shown in Figure 4.2. The proportion of households classed as overcrowded' decreased marginally over the 10-year period, from 4.5% in 2011 to 4.0% in 2021.

This measure of overcrowding was highest for households living in non-qualified accommodation (14.6% in 2021).

Figure 4.2: Proportion of households considered to be overcrowded' by the Bedroom Standard,

by tenure (percent), 2011 and 2021

20%

2011 2021 15.5%

14.6% 15%

10%

5.0% 5.2% 4.7% 4.5%

5% 3.6% 4.0%

1.9% 1.5%

0%

Owner occupied Qualified rent Social housing rent Non-qualified All households

accomodation

Around one in three hundred (0.3%) Jersey households had at least two fewer bedrooms than they required by the Bedroom Standard.

The  proportion  of  households  considered  to  be  under-occupied'  by  the  bedroom  standard  was  essentially unchanged over the 10-year period (25.9% in 2011 and 26.4% in 2021), see Figure 4.3.

The rate of under-occupation was highest for owner-occupied households, with the proportion increasing from 42.3% in 2011 to 44.1% in 2021. Decreases were seen in the rate of under-occupied dwellings in qualified rental' and non-qualified accommodation'.

Figure 4.3: Proportion of households considered to be under-occupied' by the Bedroom Standard,

by tenure (percent), 2011 and 2021

50%

42.3%44.1% 2011 2021

40%

30% 26.4%

25.9%

20%

10.3%

10% 9.1% 5.9%

1.5% 1.9% 4.0%

0%

Owner occupied Qualified rent Social housing rent Non-qualified All households

accomodation

Property types

Table 4.8 provides a breakdown of the types of dwellings in Jersey (excluding vacant dwellings). Almost a third of occupied dwellings (14,009 dwellings) were flats in purpose-built blocks, an increase of 19% compared with 2011. The number of flats that were part of converted houses decreased by 11% (a reduction of 564 dwellings).

The number of semi-detached houses increased by 14% over the 10-year period, whilst the number of detached houses increased by 3%. The number of terraced houses was essentially unchanged over the period.

There were 124 temporary structures[17], such as tents, boats or Portakabins.

Table 4.8: Property types in 2021 and 2011, excluding vacants

Figure 4.4 shows the proportion of each property type over the last 20 years, as measured by the census. Figure 4.4: Proportion of each property type*, as measured by census, 2001 to 2021, (excluding vacants)

35% 30% 25% 20%

15% 10% 5% 0%

*For presentation purposes, temporary structures (~0% of dwellings in each year) are not shown

The proportion of detached houses has declined over the last 20 years. Around a quarter (25%) of occupied dwellings in 2021 were detached houses, a slight decrease compared to 2011.

The increase in the proportion of purpose-built flats over the 20-year period is apparent, whilst the proportion of flats that were part of converted houses has declined.

Overall, in 2021 just over half (55%) of occupied dwellings were houses, and just under half (44%) were flats. This was essentially unchanged from 2011 (56% were houses and 44% were flats).

Figure 4.5 shows the proportion of each property type by parish. St Helier was the only parish where there was a greater proportion of flats (71%) than houses (29%).

Figure 4.5: Proportion of each property type by parish (excluding vacants)

Houses Flats

St Mary St John

St Ouen Trinity

St Martin Grouville

St Lawrence St Brelade St Clement St Peter

St Saviour St Helier

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Household tenure

The census asked householders to identify the tenure by which they occupied their dwelling. Table 4.9 provides detail on the number of households in each tenure category in 2011 and 2021.

The number of households in qualified private rental increased by almost two-fifths (38%) over the 10-year period. Households occupying other non-qualified accommodation' decreased by over two-fifths (42%) over the period. Decreases were also seen for households in staff, service or tied accommodation' and lodgers living in private households' (down 14% and 20% respectively).

Table 4.9: Household tenure in 2021 and 2011, excluding vacants