Report on the 2001 Census Jersey

Report on the

2001 Census

JERSEY

Presented to the States of Jersey on 22 October 2002

by the Etat Civil Committee

Introduction

The 2001 Jersey Census was held on 11 March 2001.

This Census continued the five-yearly cycle which began in 1971. Prior to 1971, Censuses were held on a ten-year basis, extending back to 1821.

The tabulations and analysis in this Report are for the resident population of Jersey, defined as all persons in the Island on Census night, excluding visitors, but including those normally resident who were temporarily absent on Census night (for example, students studying at universities in the UK).

The  2001  Census  incorporated  two  fundamental  developments  with  respect  to previous Jersey Censuses. For the first time:

• information was collected on the residential qualification of residents;
• Census forms were returned by post.

Questions asked on the Census form

The question on residential qualifications was based on the category of tenure for heads  of  household  and  on  a  slightly  broader  specification for  other  household members and residents of communal establishments. A recurrent theme throughout this report is the breakdown and analysis of a particular topic in terms of residential qualification.

Questions on home computing and Internet access were also included for the first time.  However,  questions  which  appeared  on  the  1996  Census  form  regarding various household durable goods, long-term illness and nationality were not included. The latter was addressed more directly through the question concerning place of birth. A copy of the standard Form H, submitted by private households, is included as an appendix to this report.

Census management

Enumerators delivered the Census forms to resident addresses; the public were then to post back the forms in pre-paid envelopes. Over a period of several months to September 2001, a team of clerical staff in Jersey chased-up outstanding forms, manned telephone help-lines and performed preliminary data checking and coding tasks.

Initial  preparation  of  the  database  and  data  entry  was  contracted  to  a  private company  in  the  UK:  Lason  Information  Management  Ltd. Further  preparation, validation, and preliminary analysis of the database was contracted to the Cardiff Business School at the University of Cardiff.

Census analysis

The detailed analysis of the Census database was performed by the Statistics Unit of the Policy and Resources Department in Jersey. A series of eight Census Bulletins were published at regular intervals between October 2001 and August 2002. In this manner,  a  considerable  amount  of  pertinent  information  was  disseminated  in manageable portions.

There are a few slight differences between some figures presented in the Bulletins and those contained in this Report, due to the further detailed data validation that has been conducted over the longer time frame.

This Census Report was compiled by the Statistics Unit (Policy and Resources), to which any queries should be addressed. Copies of the Report can be obtained from the Statistics Unit, or from the States of Jersey internet homepage: www.gov.je.

John Imber Census Officer

Statistics Unit

Policy and Resources Department

PO Box 140, Cyril Le Marquand House St Helier

Jersey JE4 8QT

Contents

Introduction   i Contents  iii Summary   1 Chapter 1: Total Population   6

Total resident population  6 Natural increase  7 Undercount  8 Population density  10 Parish populations  10

Chapter 2: Population Characteristics  14

Age structure   14 Dependency ratio  17 Gender structure  19 Marital status   20 Place of birth   21 Cultural and ethnic background  22 Languages  23

Chapter 3: Residential Qualifications  24

Total resident population  25 Recent arrivals  28 Ebb and flow migration process  34

Chapter 4: Households and Housing  36

Households

Private households

and communal establishments  36 Household size  38 Overcrowding  39 Type of household   40 Household tenure  41 Parishes  43 Household amenities  46 Home computing  46 Motor vehicles  47 Mode of travel to work  50

Dwellings

Vacant dwellings  51 Total dwelling stock  51 Type of dwelling  52

Chapter 5: Educational & Professional  56

Qualifications

Educational qualifications  56 Studying  61 Professional qualifications  63

Chapter 6: Employment  64

Economic activity  64 Employment by occupation   68

Hours worked per week  73

Employment by industry  75 Chapter 7: Population Projections  78

Migration scenarios   78

Changes in the structure of the population

Zero net migration  80

200 net immigration per annum  81

400 net immigration per annum  82

200 net emigration per annum  83

400 net emigration per annum  84

Appendices  85

Appendix A: Definitions 85 Appendix B: Detailed tabulations 91

Table  I  Population and inter-censal variations: 1821 - 2001 Table  II  Area and population by civil parish: 1991 - 2001

Table  III  Population by age, by gender and by marital status Table  IVa  Population by length of residence and by Parish

Table  IVb  Population by length of residence and by gender

Table  IVc  Population by residential qualification and

year of arrival

Table  V  Population by length of residence and by

household tenure

Table  VI Table  VII

Table  VIII Table  IXa Table  IXb Table  X Table  XIa Table  XIb

Private households by rooms by civil parish

Private households by tenure, by persons and by rooms

Private households by tenure, number of persons, rooms occupied and age of head of household

Population by place of birth, by gender, by marital status and by age

Population by place of birth and date when present period of residence began

Highest level of educational qualification achieved by working age adults, for all and by place of birth

Employment by major occupation group for adults, by gender and by employment status

Employment by occupation sub-group for adults, by gender and by employment status

Appendix C: 2001 Census Form H  108

Summary

Total Population:

• the resident population of Jersey on 11 March 2001 was: 87,186
• since the previous Census (10 March 1996):

• the  Island's  resident  population  increased  by  2,036 persons (2.4%)
• natural population growth (arising from the excess of births over deaths) was 1,377 and accounted for approximately two-thirds  of  the  inter-censal  change  in  total  resident population
• after making allowance for the level of the undercount in successive Censuses, net inward migration averaged 55 persons per year

Population Density:

• the population density was 750 persons per square kilometre  

Parishes:

• almost a third of the Island's population lived in St Helier
• St Helier, St Clement and St Saviour together accounted for more than half (55%) of the total population
• St  Helier  had  the  highest  population  density  (3,292  per  km2), Trinity the lowest (221 per km2)

Age Structure:

• 18% of the population (15,664 persons) were aged 15 and under
• 65%  of  the  population  (57,015  persons)  were  of  working  age (women/men aged 16-59/64)
• 17% of the population (14,507 persons) were over working age (women/men aged 60/65 and over)
• 3,260 persons (4% of the population) were aged 80 and over
• the dependency ratio was 0.53

Gender Structure:

• females accounted for 51.3% of the population
• males outnumbered females below age 20
• women predominated in all higher ten-year age bands, except for those aged 50-59 years for whom there was parity
• women accounted for more than two-thirds of the population aged 80 and over, and more than three-quarters of those aged 90 and over

Marital Status:

• 52% of the adult population (aged 16 and over) were married
• 11% of adults were divorced or separated, an increase from 9% in 1996

Place of Birth:

• 53% of the population were Jersey-born
• the proportion born elsewhere in the British Isles (including the Irish Republic) declined slightly during the previous decade; the proportion born in Portugal (including Madeira) increased by the same proportion of the total

Residential Qualifications:

• 79% of the adult population were residentially qualified (a-k)  in their own right
• 21%  of  the  adult  population  were,  therefore,  not  residentially qualified
• fewer than 2% of the adult population were (j-k) category

Households:

• there were 35,562 private households, in which 84,798 persons were living
• 2,388 persons were living in communal establishments
• the average number of persons per private household was 2.38, a decrease from the 1996 figure of 2.41

• over a quarter (28%) of private households were single person households
• approximately 3% of all private households were overcrowded; some 2,700 people were living in overcrowded accommodation. Residentially non-qualified households accounted for more than three-quarters of all overcrowded households.
• single parent households constituted 7% of private households, up from 5% in 1996, but below the UK rate of 9%
• nuclear  families  (adult  couples  with  one  or  more  children) accounted for approximately a quarter (27%) of private households

Household Tenure:

• approximately  half  (51%)  of  private  households  were  owner- occupied
• about  one  in  seven  private  households  lived  in  social-rented accommodation

Household Amenities:

• 97%  of  private  households  had  their  own  cooking  facilities, bathroom (or shower) and toilet
• the  remainder, some  1,063  private  households,  shared  one  or more of these facilities with at least one other household

Home Computing:

• 47% of private households had a computer available at home
• 39% of private households had access to the Internet at home

Motor Vehicles:

• 52,577  cars/vans  were  owned  or  available  for  use  by  private households, a 14% increase from 1996
• the average number of cars/vans per household was 1.48 (up from
  37. in 1996)
• 44% of households had the use of two or more cars/vans
• 16% of households (constituting 5,849 households) did not have the use of a car or van

• almost half of all pensioners who lived alone did not have the use of a car or van; half of these lived outside St Helier
• 57%  of  employed  people  travelled  to  work  by  private  car; 23% walked to work; 4% travelled to work by bus

Dwellings:

• the total dwelling stock was 32,704 units, a 2% net increase since 1996
• 2,065  dwelling  units  were  enumerated  as  vacant;  discounting derelict  units  and  those  which  proved  actually  to  have  been occupied at the time of the Census yields a total of 1,849 vacant units
• 59%  of  private  households  were  living  in  a  whole  house  or bungalow; 21% were living in a purpose-built flat; 20% were living in part of a converted house, commercial building or temporary structure
• almost three-quarters (71%) of whole houses and bungalows were owner-occupied
• almost a third (30%) of all flats were privately rented; a quarter were social-rented and a fifth owner-occupied
• almost two-thirds of residentially qualified households were living in  a  whole  house  or  bungalow;  in  contrast,  more  than  three- quarters of non-qualified households were living in flats

Educational Qualifications:

• 11% of the working age population had a first or higher degree (compared to 16% in the UK)
• almost  half  of  the  working  age  population  had  attained  the academic benchmark of five or more higher passes at O-level, CSE, GCSE, or equivalent
• approximately  a  third  (34%)  of  all  working  age  adults  had  no formal educational qualifications (compared to 16% in the UK)

Professional Qualifications:

• there were 1,606 teachers (1 per 8.6 children aged 5-18), 179 medical doctors (1 per 487 residents), 60 dentists (1 per 1,453 residents) and 1,276 nurses, midwives and health visitors (1 per 68 residents) who were professionally qualified and of working age

• j category residents accounted for 11% of these teachers, 33% of the doctors, 27% of the dentists and 17% of the nurses, midwives and health visitors

Employment:

• 82%  of  the  working  age  population  were  economically  active (including the unemployed)
• the economic activity rate was 4 percentage points higher than that of the UK; the same differential occurred for both genders
• three-quarters of the economically active were working full-time for an employer, 11% were self employed and 11% were working part-time
• women accounted for 90% of all part-time employees
• the standardised ILO unemployment rate was 2.1%
• the female participation rate (economically active females as a percentage of women aged 15-64) was 72.7%

Occupations:

• Managers and Senior Officials accounted for a sixth of the working age employed workforce; a similar proportion were employed in Skilled Trades, and a fifth were engaged in Administrative and Secretarial occupations
• men accounted for almost three-quarters of Managers and Senior Officials;  in  contrast,  over  three-quarters  of  those  in  the Administrative  and  Secretarial  and  the  Personal  Services occupational groups were women

Time at work:

• full-time employees worked an average of 39.5 hours per week (excluding overtime and meal-breaks)
• men in full-time employment worked an average of 3.5 hours more per week than women in full-time employment
• part-time staff worked, on average, approximately half the hours of those in full-time employment
• full-time  employees  in  Agriculture  and  fishing  and  in  Hotels, restaurants and bars worked the longest hours, at approximately 45 hours per week, on average. Those in the Financial services sector worked the shortest hours, averaging less than 38 hours

Chapter 1: Total Population

• Total Resident Population
• Natural Increase: (Births - Deaths)
• Undercount
• Population density
• Parish populations

Total Resident Population

The total resident population of Jersey on the night of Sunday 11 March 2001 was 87,186.

This figure:

• includes persons normally resident who were temporarily absent from the Island; there were 4,075 such persons on Census night;
• excludes short-term visitors (who numbered 1,078).

Since  the  previous  Census  (10  March  1996)  the  Island's  resident  population increased by 2,036 persons. This increase constitutes a rise of almost 2.4% over the five-year period, and represents an average annual growth rate of 0.47% per year.

The  total  resident  population  as  recorded  by  Censuses  from  1981  to  2001  is presented in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1: Total Resident Population 1981-2001.

Resident  Inter-censal  Average annual Population  Change  growth rate, %

1981  76,050  ..  .. 1986  80,212  4,162  1.07 1989  82,809  2,597  1.07 1991  84,082  1,273  0.77 1996  85,150  1,068  0.25 2001  87,186  2,036  0.47

The annual growth rate of the resident population over the most recent inter-censal period, 1996-2001, was less than half that recorded during the 1980's.

The population of Jersey from 1821 to 2001 (as recorded by Census) is shown in Figure 1.1. The data-points from 1981 to 2001 are for the total resident population (i.e. excluding short-term visitors but including temporarily absent residents); those from 1961 to 1976 exclude visitors but include an estimate of the number of absent residents. Population figures from 1821 to 1951 include visitors but exclude residents who were temporarily absent.

Figure 1.1 - Jersey's Population 1821-2001

100,000 90,000 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000

10,000

0

1821 1841 1861 1881 1901 1921 1941 1961 1981 2001

Two periods of rapid growth are apparent in the twentieth century: the post-war "baby-boom"; and the 1980's, which constituted a period of substantial net inward migration.

Natural Increase

Between the 1996 and 2001 Censuses, there were 5,392 live births and 4,015 deaths recorded. Thus, the natural population increase (defined as the excess of live births over deaths) for the inter-censal period was 1,377. Natural increase, therefore, constituted slightly more than two-thirds (68%) of the recorded increase in total resident population.

For the ten-year period between the 1991 and 2001 Censuses, the natural increase was  2,506  and  therefore  represented  81%  of  the  overall  change  in  resident population for this longer period.

Birth and Death rates

The crude birth rate (CBR) is defined as the number of live births per 1,000 resident population; the crude death rate (CDR) is defined similarly.

CBR provides a coarse measure of fertility, and has been determined historically for Jersey on a five-year (quinary) basis. Over the 1990's, the CBR declined slightly from 13.1 per 1,000 in the first part of the decade (1990-94) to 12.8 for the latter part (1995-1999). The corresponding figures for the 1980's were 11.6 (1980-84) and 12.4 (1985-89).  The  single-year  figures  for  2000  and  2001  were  11.2  and  11.1, respectively.

Birth rates are susceptible to a range of factors, including cyclical effects (due to peaks  and  troughs  propagating  forward  in  time)  and  prevailing  socio-economic conditions and developments. Nevertheless, the long-term trend in Jersey's CBR throughout the twentieth century was that of a gradual decline: from roughly 20 per 1,000 population in the early 1900's, to approximately 15 in the 1950's, to the current levels between 11 and 13. A significant peak occurred (reaching 19 per 1,000) in the early 1960's – the "baby-boom".

The quinary death rate has undergone a gradual decline over the past twenty years: during the 1980's the rate reduced from 11.8 per 1,000 population (1980-84) to 10.5 (1985-89); the reduction continued during the 1990's, from 10.4 (1990-1994) to 9.5 (1994-99).  The  single-year  figures  for  both  2000  and  2001  were  9.0  per  1,000 population.

The annual number of live births and recorded deaths for the period 1994-2001 is shown in Figure 1.2.

Figure 1.2 - Number of live births and recorded deaths

1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400

200 0

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Undercount

The 2001 Census was the first for which a quantitative study of under-enumeration was conducted. The size of the undercount was estimated and expressed as a percentage of the total resident population. Furthermore, a post-enumeration sample survey resulted in the classification of the dwelling units identified as vacant at the time of the Census.

There  were  four  principal  categories  of  under-enumeration  which  potentially contributed to the undercount:

• named  households  not  returning  census  forms  before  the  final dispatch date (referred to as "outstandings");
• persons possessing no identifiable permanent abode ("homeless");
• dwelling units categorised as unoccupied by enumerators at the time of the census ("vacants");
• dwelling units not found ("undiscovered") during the census process.

Outstandings: after multiple attempts at enumeration, including written notification, slightly fewer than 200 named households did not return forms; multiplying by the average  number  of  persons  per  enumerated  private  household  (2.38)  yields  a contribution to the undercount of 470 persons. With no actual contact having been made by an enumerator, it was not possible to pursue these households further.

Homeless: contact was made with various groups, including the homeless shelters, representing individuals not in a dwelling on Census night. Persons in the shelters were enumerated. The number of people sleeping outside on any given night was estimated to range from 25 to 45 between winter and summer months; on the night of the Census, the contribution to the undercount was estimated to be 35 persons.

Vacants:   2,065  dwelling  units  were  categorised  by  enumerators  as  being unoccupied  at  the  time  of  the  Census.  Through  follow-up  enumeration  and examination of public records, reasons for vacancy were found for almost half of this total. For  the  remainder,  a  post-enumeration  sample  survey  was  conducted  in September  2001,  which  enabled  the  2,065  vacant dwellings  to  be  classified  as follows:

Temporarily vacant (awaiting new owners or tenants,  30%

or occupant in hospital)

Being re-built, renovated or refurbished  26 %

Empty long term (overseas owner; owner resident elsewhere in Jersey;  12 %

resident owner on long-term holiday;

staff accommodation for financial institution)

Occupant in care (nursing home) or recently deceased  8 % For sale  7 % Seasonal staff accommodation (farms, hotels)  6 % Occupied on census night (persons not recorded)   5 % Derelict (not habitable)  5 %

(Percentages do not add up to 100 due to rounding to the nearest whole number).

In the context of the undercount, some 110 "vacant" dwellings were estimated to be actually occupied at the time of the census. Scaling by the average number of persons  per  private  household  yields  a  contribution  to  the  undercount  of approximately 260 persons.

Undiscovered: despite comprehensive efforts to locate all dwelling units in the Island, including contacting Parish officials and postal experts, the possibility remained for the existence of undiscovered dwelling units. It was anticipated that such units could predominantly  occur  in  the  residentially  non-qualified  private  lodging  sector. Assuming an undiscovered proportion of (2.5 1.0) % for such units implied a contribution to the undercount of 75 persons.

A  group  traditionally  under-enumerated  in  global  population  censuses  is  that comprising minority cultural and ethnic communities. For the Jersey Census of 2001, comprehensive  on-going  contact  was  made  with  organisations  and  prominent individuals from such groups, as well as using translators at the individual level, in order to ensure the inclusion of all members of the Island community.

Total Undercount

The total undercount, estimated as the aggregate of the above components, was:

840 100 persons

and thus constituted a little less than 1% of the enumerated total resident population.

It is worth reaffirming that the undercount of 840 persons is not included in the figure for  the  total  resident  population  (of  87,186)  since  the  people  comprising  the undercount have not provided the required information. This approach has been the practice in every Jersey Census since 1821.

The small size of the undercount indicates the high coverage of the 2001 Census and compares very favourably to the level estimated for the 1996 Jersey Census (between 1 and 1½ %) and to that occurring in other national censuses (2% for the UK Census of 1991; 1.2% for the USA in 2000; 1.6% for Australia in 1996).

Population Density

The figures for total resident population and the area of the Island (116.2 km2, excluding the St Helier reclamation site) give an overall population density for Jersey

of 750 persons per km2. The density was thus 2.4% greater than that determined by the 1996 Census, simply reflecting the inter-censal population change.

If, however, the area of the soon to be populated reclamation site (2 km2) is included in the total land area, then the population density at the time of the 2001 Census was

738 per km2, and represents only a 0.7% increase from the 1996 figure.

Jersey's overall population density of 750 persons per km2 may be compared to that of approximately 950 per km2 for Guernsey and 133 per km2 for the Isle of Man (both from 2001 Censuses).

In order to provide further context on this quantity, figures[1] for 1999 show that the population density of the UK was 246 per km[2], while that of Hong Kong was 6,628 per  km2.  Jurisdictions  with  magnitudes  of  population  density  comparable  to  the Channel  Islands  included  Barbados  (629  per  km2),  Bahrain  (910  per  km2)  and Bermuda (1,128 per km2).

Parish Populations

As Table 1.2 indicates, almost one-third (32%) of the Island's total population lived in St Helier.

St Helier and the neighbouring suburban Parishes of St Clement and St Saviour together accounted for more than half (55%) of the total population but constituted less than a fifth (19%) of the total land area.

St Helier had the highest2 population density (3,292 per km2); Trinity had the lowest (221 per km2). The population density of the suburban Parishes St Clement and St Saviour was almost four times that of the other non-urban Parishes.

Table 1.2: Parish Population and Density.

Population

Parish  2001  Peofrtotacent l (km2) 2) Area  Population Density

(persons per km Census

St Helier

St Saviour St Brelade St Clement Grouville

St Lawrence St Peter

St Ouen

St Martin Trinity

St John

St Mary

28,310  32 12,491  14 10,134  12 8,196  9 4,702  5 4,702  5 4,293  5 3,803  4 3,628  4 2,718  3 2,618  3 1,591  2

*8.6  3,292

9.3  1,343

12.8  792

4.2  1,951

7.8  603

5. 495

7. 370

15.0  254

9.9  366

12.3  221

8.7  301

6.5  245

JERSEY  87,186  100  116.2  750

(Parishes are ordered by size of population. Percentages do not sum to 100 due to rounding to the nearest whole number. * means excluding the reclamation site).

The population of the Parishes as recorded by each of the last three Censuses is presented in Table 1.3.

Table 1.3: Parish Population: 1991-2001.

Parish  1991  1996  2001

Grouville St Brelade St Clement

St Helier

St John St Lawrence

St Martin St Mary St Ouen St Peter St Saviour Trinity

4,297  4,658  4,702 9,331  9,560  10,134 7,393  7,986  8,196 28,123  27,523  28,310 2,440  2,520  2,618

4,561  4,773  4,702 3,258  3,423  3,628 1,449  1,475  1,591 3,612  3,685  3,803 4,231  4,228  4,293 12,747  12,680  12,491 2,640  2,639  2,718

JERSEY  84,082  85,150  87,186 (Parishes are ordered alphabetically).

The change in the population of each Parish is presented in Figure 1.3a for the last five years (1996-2001) and in Figure 1.3b for the last ten years (1991-2001).

Figure 1.3a - Percentage change in Parish population 1996-2001

-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

St Mary 7.9 St Brelade 6.0

St Martin 6.0

St John 3.9

St Ouen 3.2

Trinity 3.0

St Helier  2.9

St Clement 2.6

St Peter 1.5

Grouville 0.9

St Lawrence -1.5 St Saviour -1.5

All Island 2.4

Figure 1.3b - Percentage change in Parish population 1991-2001

-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

St Martin 11.4 St Clement 10.9

St Mary 9.8 Grouville 9.4

St Brelade 8.6

St John 7.3

St Ouen 5.3

St Lawrence 3.1

Trinity 3.0

St Peter 1.5

St Helier  0.7

St Saviour -2.0

All Island 3.7

The east-coast Parishes of St Clement and St Martin have each experienced more than a 10% growth in population over the last decade; St Mary and Grouville have shown almost as large an increase.

The Parishes of St Lawrence and St Saviour have both experienced small decreases in  population  over the last five  years;  St  Saviour  is the  only  Parish  to  show a decrease over the longer ten-year period.

It is worthy of note that the population of St Helier increased by only 0.7% between 1991 and 2001, a rate of increase that was a fifth that of the Island as a whole. Moreover, the population of St Helier was lower in 2001 than it was more than a century earlier, standing at 29,133 in 1891.

Chapter 2: Population Characteristics

• Age structure
• Dependency ratio
• Gender structure
• Marital status
• Place of birth
• Cultural/ethnic background
• Language

Age Structure

The age structure of the resident population is shown in Table 2.1 broken down into three broad bands:

• under 16 years of age
• working age (16-59 years for women; 16-64 years for men);
• above working age (60/65 years and over for women/men).

Table 2.1: Population by age and gender.

Total in Males  Females

age band

Under 16 years  8,081  7,583  15,664 Working age  29,160  27,855  57,015 Above working age  5,243  9,264  14,507

Total Population  42,484  44,702  87,186

The population below  working age (15  years and under) was 15,664; the male proportion of this age band was 51.6% and the female proportion 48.4%.

The working age population was 57,015, of whom the male proportion was 51.1% and the female proportion 48.9%.

The population over working age was 14,507, of whom males constituted 36.1% and females 63.9%.

The detailed breakdown of the population for each year of age is presented in Table III of Appendix B.

The broad population structure as recorded by the last two Censuses is shown in

Table 2.2.

Table 2.2: Broad population structure: 1996-2001.

1996  2001

Under 16 years  15,005  15,664 Working age[1]  56,207  57,015 Above working age  13,938  14,507

Total Population  85,150  87,186

The total working age population has increased in number over the last five years, by

some 800 persons.

However,  more  important  is  the  proportion  that  the  working  age  population constitutes of the total population. Over the five-year inter-censal period, the working age component has declined slightly, from 66.0% of the total population in 1996 to 65.4% of the total in 2001.

As indicated by the finer age ranges of Table 2.3, the change in total population over the last ten years has not been evenly distributed across the age spectrum.

Table 2.3: Age distribution and changes: 1991-2001.

Change  Change 1991  1996  2001

1991-2001  1996-2001

The average age of Jersey's population in 2001 was 38.7 years; the average age in the UK in 2000 was 38.8 years[2].

Cyclical, migratory and longevity factors are apparent in the changes presented by Table 2.3:

• an 8% increase was recorded between 1991 and 2001 in the number of children under 10 years of age, and an 11% increase in the 10-19 year age group. The former increase occurred entirely in the first part of the 1990's and the  latter  increase  in  the  late  1990's,  as the  younger  cohort aged. Both increases were due principally to the baby-boom generation of the 1960's having their own children, and also to the immigrants of young working age, who arrived in the Island during the 1980's, remaining and having children;
• the small reduction in the number of young children (0-9 years) between 1996-2001 is a result of the tailing-off of the abovementioned effects, and is also a reflection of the declining crude birth rate (CBR);
• the large decline in the 20-29 year age group (30% over the ten-year period, 12% over the last five years) is primarily due to the ageing of the young immigrant population of the 1980's;
• the increase in the population aged 70 and over is a result of the continued increase in life expectancy;
• the decrease recorded for the group aged 80-89 years is a result of falling birth rates and higher death rates during and immediately after the First World War.

The long-term trends in the changing structure of the Island's population are most apparent in Table 2.4, which presents the distribution per 1,000 population of specific age bands over the last century and before.

Table 2.4: Age distribution per 1,000 population: 1891-2001.

1891  1911  1931  1951  1971  1991  2001

Particularly prominent in Table 2.4 are the falling proportion of children aged 15 and under (due to the long-standing decline in birth rate) and the increased proportion of persons aged 80 and over (due to increases in life expectancy).

The proportion of Jersey's population in 2001 aged 65 and over was 14.1%, and was thus somewhat below that of the UK (15.9%) and the European Union (16.2%)[3].

Dependency Ratio

Dependency ratio is defined as:

(Population under working age) + (Population over working age) Working age population

Up until (and including) the 1991 Census, working age was defined as: 15-59 years for women and 15-64 years for men. The change in the school leaving age in 1992 (from 15 to 16 years) meant that in subsequent Censuses the working age population was defined as ages 16-59/64 years for women/men.

Table 2.5 shows the dependency ratio, as measured by Census, for the period from 1931 to 2001. For each year, the definition of "Working age" is that in effect at the particular time, i.e. the appropriate school leaving age is applied.

Table 2.5: Dependency Ratio: 1931-2001.

Census  Dependency Ratio

2001  0.529 1996  0.515

Change in school leaving age -------------------------------------------

1991  0.471 1986  0.475 1981  0.531 1976  0.563 1971  0.603 1961  0.567 1951  0.550 1931  0.550

To provide further clarity on the historical changes, Figure 2.1 plots the dependency ratio for the above time period.

Figure 2.1 - Dependency Ratio: 1931-2001

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4 Census Period Average 0.3

1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

For the full period 1931 to 2001, the average dependency ratio was 0.535. This figure corresponds to every dependant being supported by slightly less than two persons of working age.

There is considerable structure in the historical data of Figure 2.1:

• the dependency ratio attained a maximum of 0.60 in the 1971 Census and a minimum of 0.47 in 1991;
• 1951 to 1971: the increase in the dependency ratio was due to the increase in the number of persons above working age and the corresponding reduction in those of working age; changes in the dependency ratio for this period were thus dominated by the ageing of the resident population;
• 1971 to 1986: the decrease in the dependency ratio resulted from the growth of the working age population due to in-migration of labour;
• 1991 to 1996: the observed increase was due principally to the change in the school leaving age from 15 to 16 years, implemented in 1992.

The dependency ratio for the United Kingdom[4] in 2001 was 0.63.

The substantial increase predicted in Jersey's dependency ratio beyond 2011 due to the ageing of the resident population, and based on 2001 Census data, is discussed in detail in Chapter 7 – Population Projections.

Gender Structure

Females accounted for 51.3% of the population in 2001.

As a result of the longer life expectancy of females, the female population has been greater than the male population in Jersey since Census records began in 1821. However, due to male longevity increasing at a faster rate than female longevity, the gap between the sexes is diminishing, as indicated by Table 2.6.

Table 2.6: Females per 1,000 population: 1821-2001. Females per

Census

1,000 population

1821  543 1891  542 1921  549 1951  524 1981  520 1991  514 2001  513

The sex distribution is not uniform across the age bands, as shown by Table 2.7. Table 2.7: Females per 1,000 population by age.

Age  Females per 1,000

0-9  484 10-19  490 20-29  521 30-39  506 40-49  506 50-59  500 60-69  504 70-79  555 80-89  666 90 +  773

Males outnumbered females in both the 0-9 and 10-19 age bands. Overall, males accounted for 51.3% of the population aged below 20 years.

Women predominated in all other age bands, except for that aged 50-59 years, in which there was parity between the sexes.

Women were increasingly predominant in the high age categories (70 and above), accounting for more than two-thirds (68.4%) of the population aged 80 and over, and more than three-quarters (77.3%) of the population aged 90 and over.

Marital Status

Just  over  half  (51.8%)  of  the  adult  population  aged  16  and  over  were  married (including re-marriages).

However, as Table 2.8 shows, the proportion of the adult population who  were married has resumed its long-term decline (after a brief increase between 1991 and 1996).

Table 2.8: Marital status[5] per 1,000 adult population: 1971-2001.

1971  1981  1991  1996  2001

The proportion of adults who were divorced or separated rose from 77 per 1,000 at the time of the 1991 census to 111 per 1,000 in 2001. The proportion of single people has remained substantially constant over the past decade. The long-term decline in the  proportion  of  widowed  people  is  primarily  a  result  of  the  increase  in  male longevity.

Marital status shows some variation between the sexes, as indicated by Table 2.9. Table 2.9: Adult population by marital status and sex.

Proportion per 1,000 adults[6] Males  Females  Total  Males  Females

Married  15,521  15,869  31,390  217  222 Re-married  3,121  2,543  5,664  44  36 Single  11,133  10,409  21,542  156  146 Widowed  1,043  3,935  4,978  15  55 Divorced  2,688  3,333  6,021  38  47 Separated  897  1,030  1,927  13  14

34,403  37,119  71,522  481  519

The total numbers of men and women who were married (including re-married) were very similar: 18,642 men and 18,412 women.

The greater total number of married men (including those re-married) was not due to polygamy but to more men than women having spouses residing outside of the Island.

Men were more likely to re-marry: the number of men who had re-married was 23% greater than the number of women who had re-married.

Single men outnumbered single women by more than 700.

Conversely, divorced and separated women outnumbered divorced and separated men.

The number of widowed women in 2001 was almost four times as great as the number of widowed men, due to the longer life expectancy of women.

Place of Birth

Table 2.10: Population by Place of Birth.

% of  % of  % of

1891  1891 total  1991  1991 total  2001  2001 total Jersey  39,119  72  43,331  52  45,848  53

Elsewhere in the

8,626  16  33,090  39  31,243  36 British Isles

France  5,576  10  1,061  1  1,093  1 Portugal

n/a  n/a  3,439  4  5,137  6 (including Madeira)

Other EU/EEA

172  +  851  1  1,152  1 (2001 definitions)

Elsewhere  1,025  2  2,310  3  2,713  3 Total  54,518  100  84,082  100  87,186  100

(+ represents a non-zero percentage less than 1; n/a means not available).

53% of the population in 2001 were Jersey-born, which compares to 52% a decade earlier and 72% in 1891.

The number and proportion of residents born elsewhere in the British Isles (including the Irish Republic) has declined slightly over the last ten years. In contrast, over this time  period,  the  number  and  proportion  of  residents  born  in  Portugal  (including Madeira) has increased by almost the same number that those born in the British Isles (excluding Jersey) has declined.

The age distribution of the population by place of birth is presented in Table 2.11. Table 2.11: Age group by place of birth.

Elsewhere in  Portugal  Other

Jersey  France  Elsewhere British Isles  (incl. Madeira)  EU / EEA

Aged 0–9  8,860 10-19  7,880 20-29  5,410 30-39  6,500

40-49  5,090 50-59  3,770 60-69  3,820 70 +  4,520

620  + 1,150  30 3,580  180 6,580  160 6,440  150 5,970  180 3,400  160 3,500  240

90  30  130 360  60  200 1,480  190  600 1,550  200  550 940  160  470 510  190  300 170  200  190 50  110  280

(Figures are rounded to the nearest 10; + represents a non-zero number less than 6).

Cultural and Ethnic Background

Approximately half (51%) of the resident population in 2001 considered themselves to have a Jersey cultural background.

More than a third (37%) considered themselves British, whilst 6% of the population thought of themselves as Portuguese or Madeiran.

Table 2.12: Population by cultural and ethnic background.

Number of  % of total residents  population

Jersey

British Portuguese/Madeiran Irish

French

Other white background Black African

Black Caribbean

Other black background Chinese

Indian

Bangladeshi

Pakistani

Other Asian background Other/mixed

44,589  51.1 30,317  34.8 5,548  6.4 2,284  2.6 1,522  1.7 1,980  2.3 151  0.2 33  +

71  0.1 145  0.2 120  0.1 31  + 21  + 8  + 366  0.4

(+ represents a non-zero percentage less than 0.1).

Languages

The main and secondary languages spoken by the population are presented in Table 2.13. The category "Other languages" refers to the total number of people speaking languages other than those listed. Babies and young infants not yet speaking were assumed to speak the same main language as their mothers.

Table 2.13: Population by languages spoken.

Main  Secondary  Total language  language  speakers

English  82,349  3,443  85,792 Portuguese  4,002  3,303  7,305 French  338  14,776  15,114 Jersey French  113  2,761  2,874 Other languages  384  4,496  4,880

71% of residents who did not speak English as their main language did speak it as a secondary language.

1,394 people (1.6% of all residents) spoke no English at all; 7% of them were children  under  5  years  of  age.  More  than  three-quarters  (79%)  of  non-English speakers spoke Portuguese as their main language.

Portuguese was the second main language, and in total was spoken by 8.4% of residents.

French was the most common secondary language in Jersey, spoken by more than a sixth (17.3%) of residents.

Slightly more than a quarter (27%) of the population spoke more than one language.

Jersey French was spoken by a total of 2,874 people (3.2% of the population). Of this total, two-thirds were aged 60 and over. The number of Jersey French speakers in 2001 was half the number recorded in 1989.

Chapter 3: Residential Qualifications  

• Resident Population

• Tenure
• Age

• Recent Arrivals

(arrived since 1 January 1996)

• Tenure
• Age
• Economic Activity

• Migration dynamics

Total Resident Population

Table IVc in Appendix B presents the residential qualifications of the Island's resident population and their year of arrival in Jersey.

The figures for all adults (aged 16 and over) and for children[1] are presented in Table IVc, together with the numbers of heads of household and other adult household members in each of the following categories:

• (a-h) qualified;
• j and k qualified[2];
• non-qualified partners of qualified residents[3];
• all other non-qualified residents.

People who had arrived in the Island prior to 1982 as residentially non-qualified or as k  category,  and  had  remained  in  continuous  residence  since  then,  would  have acquired (a-h) qualification under the Housing Law in effect at the time of the 2001 Census (the "19-year rule"). Similarly, j category residents who had arrived prior to 1991, and remained in continuous residence, would have acquired (a-h) qualification.

There is a substantial amount of information in Table IVc, which is expanded upon in this chapter. As an overall summary:

• 79% of the Island's adult population (aged 16 and over) were (a-k) residentially qualified in their own right;
• 21% of the Island's adult population were, therefore, not residentially qualified; one-quarter of these were partners of residentially qualified people;
• 77% of the adult population were (a-h) residentially qualified;
• 42% of the adult population acquired (a-h) qualification by birth;
• fewer than 2% of the adult population were j or k category.

Table 3.1 provides a more detailed breakdown of residentially qualified and non- qualified residents in terms of tenure, for all persons and also for "recent arrivals". The latter are defined as people who had arrived in Jersey on or after 1 January 1996, that is, during the approximate five-year period prior to the 2001 Census. Figures are presented for heads of household, other adult household members, people living in communal accommodation, and children aged 15 and below.

Table 3.1:  Residential qualification by tenure:

for the total resident population and for recent arrivals. Recent

Total  arrivals

Heads of Household

Qualified (a-k)

 Owner-occupier (a-h)  17,803  230 Tenant of the States, housing trust/assoc. or Parish (a-h)  5,017  41 Tenant or occupier of private accommodation (a-h)  7,075  227 Tenant or occupier of tied, i.e. staff, accommodation (a-h)  408  18 Occupier of private accommodation (j)  782  574 Occupier of private accommodation (k)  99  18

Total qualified  31,184  1,108

 Non-qualified

 Lodger in a registered lodging house  1,269  614 Lodger in a private dwelling  1,539  584 Occupier of tied, i.e. staff, accommodation  1,292  724 Licensee of a whole dwelling  149  70 Owner occupier  129  52

Total non-qualified  4,378  2,044 Sub-total  35,562  3,152

Other Household Members

Qualified (a-k)

 Locally residentially qualified (a-h)  23,438  313 Approved residentially qualified (j-k)  240  149

Total qualified  23,678  462

 Non-qualified

 Partner of qualified person (a-h, j or k)  3,800  1,233 Non-qualified  6,177  3,077

Total non-qualified  9,977  4,310

 Children  15,581  1,191 Sub-total  49,236  5,963

Residents of Communal Establishments

Qualified (a-k)

 Locally residentially qualified (a-h)  1,261  17 Approved residentially qualified (j-k)  88  76

Total qualified  1,349  93

 Non-qualified

 Partner of qualified person (a-h, j or k)  24  7 Non-qualified  932  627

Total non-qualified  956  634  Children  83  5

Sub-total  2,388  732

Overall Totals Qualified  56,211  1,663 Non-qualified  15,311  6,988

All (including children)  87,186  9,847

Characteristics of the Total Population

Of the residentially qualified heads of household:

• 57% were owner-occupiers (a-h);
• 16% were tenants in social-rented accommodation (a-h);
• 23% resided in private rented accommodation (a-h);
• 1% resided in tied, i.e. staff, accommodation (a-h);
• 2.5% were qualified as essentially employed (j category);
• 0.3% were qualified on grounds of significant economic or social benefit to the community (k category).

Some 35% of non-qualified heads of household were residing as lodgers in private dwellings;  the  remaining  non-qualified  households  were  divided  almost  equally between staff accommodation (30%) and registered lodging houses (29%). There were  also  small  numbers  of  non-qualified  households  residing  as  licensees  of dwellings and as owner-occupiers.

The age distribution of the adult population (aged 16 and over) in terms of residential qualification is presented in Table 3.2; the age recorded is that on Census day.

Table 3.2: Age distribution (on Census day) of the adult population

by residential qualification.

(Figures are rounded independently to the nearest 10; + indicates a non-zero number less than 6).

Heads of Household

Age / years  Qualified (a-h)  j category  k category  Non-qualified

Other Household Members and Residents of Communal Establishments

Age / years  Qualified a-h  Approved j-k  Partners  Non-qualified

Children aged 15 years and below: 15,660.

Considerably more than half (57%) of the residentially non-qualified were between 16 and 34 years of age; only a quarter (25%) of the (a-h) residentially qualified were in this age band; 97% of persons aged 65 and over were (a-h) qualified.

Recent Arrivals

Table 3.1 indicates that between 1 January 1996 and Census day (11 March 2001) 9,847 people had established residency in Jersey (that is, had arrived and remained), and had formed 3,152 private households. These "recent arrivals" represent one component of a continuous movement of persons into and out of the Island - a dynamic "Ebb and Flow" migration process which is described in detail in the latter part of this chapter.

The 9,847 recent arrivals constituted 8,651 adults and 1,196 children aged 15 and below.

Of the adults, approximately four-fifths (81%) were not residentially qualified. The remaining 19% were (a-k) residentially qualified, with almost equal proportions of (a-h) and (j-k) categories.

1,240 persons (14% of all recently arrived adults) were non-qualified partners of (a-k) qualified residents. Thus, almost a quarter (24%) of all recently arrived adults were either residentially qualified through previous connection with the Island (a-h) or were partners of qualified persons.

Of the 3,152 heads of households who had recently arrived 1,108 were residentially qualified (a-k); over half of the latter were approved j category (574, representing 52% of qualified heads), while 18 were k category. Heads of household possessing (a-h)  qualification  (516)  constituted  about  one-sixth (16%)  of  all recently  arrived heads, and fewer than half (47%) of the qualified heads.

In total, approximately 800 j category residents arrived between 1 January 1996 and 2001 Census day, comprising heads of household, other household members and residents of communal establishments[4]. The annual arrival figure may be gauged from  the  most  recent  complete  calendar  year,  2000,  during  which  there  were approximately 240 j category arrivals.

Almost two-thirds (65%) of the recently arrived heads of household were residentially non-qualified.  New  households  established  by  this  group  were  almost  equally distributed  between  registered  lodging  houses,  private  lodgings  and  staff accommodation.

The place of birth of all recent arrivals, adults and children, is presented in Table 3.3. Table 3.3:  Place of birth of recent arrivals.

Heads of  Others

Place of Birth  household  (including children)  Total

Of the recent arrivals:

• more than half (54%) were born in the British Isles (excluding Jersey and the Irish Republic);
• a sixth (17%) were born in Portugal (including Madeira);
• 6% were born in the Irish Republic;
• 5% were Jersey-born.

Table 3.4 shows the age distribution of the recent arrivals in terms of residential qualification; age recorded is that on Census day.

Table 3.4:  Age distribution (on Census day) of the recent arrivals

by residential qualification.

(Figures are rounded independently to the nearest 10; + indicates a non-zero number less than 6).

Heads of Household

Age / years  Qualified (a-h)  j category  k category  Non-qualified

Other Household Members and Residents of Communal Establishments

Age / years  Qualified (a-h)  Approved (j-k)  Partners  Non-qualified

Children aged 15 years and below: 1,200.

Of the total number of recent arrivals, considerably more than half (59%) were in the age range 16-34 years; children aged 15 and below accounted for a further 12% of all recent arrivals. Hence, almost three-quarters (71%) of all recent arrivals were aged 34 years and below.

In terms of residential qualification, more than half (55%) of the residentially non- qualified recent arrivals (including non-qualified partners) were young adults between 16 and 29 years of age. In contrast, about one-quarter (26%) of the (a-h) qualified recent arrivals were in this age range.

Table 3.5 shows the employment status of the recent arrivals at the time of the 2001 Census in terms of the public and private sectors.

Table 3.5:  Employment of the recent arrivals by primary sector.

(Figures are rounded independently to the nearest 10 and hence sub-totals may not add to totals; + indicates a non-zero number less than 6).

Heads of Household

Public  Private  Not sector  sector  employed

Qualified

 Owner-occupier (a-h)  30  150  60 Tenant of the States, housing trust/assoc. (a-h)  10  20  10 Tenant or occupier of private accommodation (a-h)  50  140  40 Tenant or occupier of tied (staff) accommodation (a-h)  +  20  0 Occupier of private accommodation (j)  180  390  0 Occupier of private accommodation (k)  0  10  10

Total qualified  270  720  120

 Non-qualified

 Lodger in a registered lodging house  20  580  20 Lodger in a private dwelling  30  510  40 Occupier of tied (staff) accommodation  20  690  10 Licensee of a whole dwelling  +  60  + Owner occupier  +  30  20

Total non-qualified  80  1,870  90 Sub-total  350  2,590  210

Other Household Members and Residents of Communal Establishments

Qualified

Locally residentially qualified (a-h)  50  170  110 Approved residentially qualified (j-k)  130  90  10

Total qualified  180  260  120

Non-qualified

Partner of qualified (a-h, j or k)  140  750  350 Non-qualified  140  3,100  460

Total non-qualified  270  3,860  810 Sub-total  450  4,120  930

Overall totals Qualified  440  990  230 Non-qualified  350  5,730  910

All  790  6,720  1,140

In compiling these figures, the States Trading Committees[5] have been included in the public sector. The category "Not employed" encompasses all recently arrived adults who were not working in the week prior to Census day, and includes people who were seeking work or between jobs, home-makers, the retired, adults in full-time education, and the long-term ill or disabled.

Some 87% of recently arrived adults were employed at the time of the Census.

Approximately  nine  out  of  ten  of  the  recent  arrivals  who  were  employed  were engaged within the private sector.

The public sector accounted for:

• approximately 10% of all employed recent arrivals;
• almost  a  third  (31%)  of  employed  recent  arrivals  who  were  residentially qualified;
• only 6% of employed recent arrivals who were not residentially qualified.

Almost  a  third  (32%)  of  recently  arrived  j  category  heads  of  household  were employed in the public sector.

If it is assumed that the (j-k) category of employed non-heads of household were actually j category, then it may be estimated that approximately 40% of all j category recent arrivals were employed in the public sector (including Trading Commitees).

About one in seven residentially qualified recent arrivals were not employed at the time of the Census; a similar proportion of non-qualified recent arrivals were not employed.

Tables 3.6 and 3.7 show the occupation group and industrial sector of employment for those recent arrivals who were employed at the time of the Census.

Table 3.6:  Occupation group of employment for the recent arrivals. Recent  % of all employed

OCCUPATION  arrivals  recent arrivals

Almost a quarter (24%) of those recent arrivals who were employed were engaged in Elementary occupations; a further 15% were in the Administrative and Secretarial group.

Approximately one in eight employed recent arrivals were working as Managers or Senior  Officials;  a  similar  proportion  were  in  the  Associate  Professional  and Technical occupations.

Table 3.7:  Industrial sector of employment for the recent arrivals.

Recent  % of all employed Industry  arrivals  recent arrivals

Agriculture & fishing  650  9 Manufacturing  160  2 Construction & quarrying  570  8 Electricity, gas & water  40  + Wholesale & retail trades  920  12 Hotels, restaurants, bars  1,390  19 Transport, storage & communications  210  3 Computing  90  1 Financial & legal activities  1,770  24 Miscellaneous business activities  260  3 Education, health & other services  1,460  19 All employed recent arrivals  7,510  100

(+ indicates a non-zero percentage less than 1).

A quarter of recent arrivals who were employed were working in the Financial and legal activities sector.

Hotels,  restaurants  and  bars  and  Education,  health  and  other  services  each accounted for almost a fifth of employed recent arrivals.

The Ebb and Flow Migration Process

The arrival of persons into Jersey is one facet of a complex two-way process; large numbers  of  people  are  entering  the  Island  and  leaving  the  Island  all  the  time, constituting a dynamic "ebb and flow" of migrants.

Several categories of migrant may be identified:

• long-term residents;
• short-term residents (who leave after one to five years);
• seasonal workers (present in the Island for less than one year).

The seasonal workers are currently estimated from the Manpower Survey data to be of order 4,000 persons per year in each direction.

The figure in Table IVc of Appendix B for the total number of arrivals in calendar year 2000 (adults and children) indicates that the ebb and flow, excluding short-term seasonal workers, is of order 2,500 persons per year in each direction.

Furthermore, the pattern in the annual totals who have remained indicates that of the 2,500 arrivals each year, some 700 leave after one to two years of residency and a further 450 leave after two to five years.

The average annual net migration is then the difference between two much greater numbers, the ebb and the flow. The net migration between the 1996 and 2001 Censuses is determined as the residual of the inter-censal population change once natural effects (births and deaths) and the respective undercounts have been taken into account.

The average annual net migration between 1996 and 2001 is estimated as 55 persons per year entering the Island.

The pattern of migration to Jersey over the past five years is thus built up of some 4,000 seasonal workers coming and going within one year; about 2,500 transient residents  coming  each  year  and  going  after  a  longer  period;  and a  net  inward migration component of about 55 people a year.

Population projections

In  order  to  produce  future  projections  of  the  Island's  resident  population,  it  is necessary to account for the above migration dynamics, as well as the natural growth of the on-Island population.

The  model  for  projecting  the  population  (undertaken  by  the  UK  Government Actuary's Department and the results of which are presented in Chapter 7 of this report) assumes that any net migration (whether immigration or emigration) occurs in the 16-25 year age band for: residentially non-qualified, unmarried (single, divorced or separated), economically active persons without dependants.

The veracity of this assumption is borne out by the 2001 Census figures for the most recent complete calendar year, 2000, during which:

• 2,534 persons arrived in Jersey and had remained at the time of the 2001 Census;
• 802 were in the age range 16 to 25 years;
• 712 of which were residentially non-qualified (and not partners of a-k qualified residents);
• 618 of which were not married (i.e. were single, divorced or separated) and had no dependants;
• 587 of which were economically active (including unemployed).

Hence,  the  modelling  assumption  is  true  of  82%  of  residentially  non-qualified transient migrants in the 16 to 25 year age band.

Chapter 4: Households and Housing

• Private Households and Communal Establishments

Private Households

• Average size
• Rooms occupied
• Overcrowding
• Type (household membership)
• Tenure
• Parish distributions and densities
• Household Amenities and Home Computing
• Motor Vehicles

Dwellings

• Occupied and Vacant dwellings
• Total stock
• Type of dwelling
• Occupation by Tenure and Residential Qualification

Private Households and Communal Establishments

The 2001 Census recorded 35,562 private households in which 84,798 people were living.

A further 2,388 people were living in communal accommodation. Table 4.1 shows the number of people residing in the various types of communal establishment.

Table 4.1: Residents of communal establishments[1].

Private Households

The average number of persons per private household for 2001 was 2.38, which indicates a slowing of the rate of decline in this ratio, as apparent in Table 4.2 and Figure 4.1.